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Sample essay topic, essay writing: Acid Rain - 479 words

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Acid Rain Acid rain forms when sulfur and nitrogen dioxides combine with moisturein the atmosphere to produce rain, snow, or another kind of precipitation. Thiskind of pollution may also be suspended in fog or deposited in a dry form. Acidrain is most common in North America and Europe. Acid rain has also beendetected in other areas of the world such as tropical rain forests of Africa.Canada has placed limitations on the sulfur emissions. The United States hasnot, so the emissions may still drift into Canada. The acid rain cycle begins with hundreds of power plants burningmillions of tons of coal.

Burning coal produces electricity for us. Coal ismade of carbon, but the coal that we mine is not pure carbon. It is mixed withother minerals. Two of these are sulfur and nitrogen. Then the coal is burnedsome of the sulfur changes into sulfur dioxide and nitrogen changes intonitrogen oxide. These escape in to the air as poisonous gases. Some smokestacksrelease chemicals like mercury, arsenic, and aluminum

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Some of these mineralsare changed in to gases and others become tiny specks of ash. As thesechemicals drift, they may change again. They may react with other chemicals inthe air. When sulfur dioxide combines with water, the result is sulfuric acid.When nitrogen oxide gas combines with water, the result is also another acid.When the clouds releases rain or other precipitation, the acid goes with it.This is called acid rain. The level of acid is measured in pH levels.

The pH scale begins at 0and ends with 14. A reading lower than 7 is called acidic, and a reading higherthan 7 is called basic. Seven is neutral. Normal rain is slightly acidic with apH level of about 6.5. Rain with a pH of 5.5 is then times more acidic thannormal rain and rain with pH of 4.5 is a hundred times more acidic than normalrain.

In parts of the country, rain with pH levels of 4.5 to 5.0 is common. An English scientist named Robert Angus Smith discovered acid rain in1872, but no other scientist continued this study. Then in 1961 the Swedenwanted to know why the fish in their lakes were dying. Svante Od'en discoveredthat the reason was acid rain. After Od'en's discovery, other scientist began tostudy acid rain too.

Acid rain has destroyed plant and animal life in lakes, damaged forestsand crops. It has also endangered marine life in coastal waters, erodedstructures, and contaminated drinking water. It can kill fish, frogs, andinsects in lakes. Acid rain can also be harmful to humans. It can hurt theirlungs and make it harder for them to breath. Acid fog can be particularlyharmful to people with respiratory problems. Acid rain can corrode stones andsome metals.

Higher acid levels can be dangerous to our drinking water. Somewater pipes are made of lead, and when the water is acidic, it can dissolve themetal. Then the metals end up in the water we drink.

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