1 4 Of The Alka Seltzer Tablet example essay topic

Purpose: Try to have a chemical reaction between Alka seltzer and water be controlled so that the lid of the canister pops of in exactly 15 sec. Hypothesis: If a 1/4 of a solid Alka-Seltzer tablet and 15 mL of hot water is added then the lid of the film canister will pop off in exactly 15 seconds. Introduction: vs. Temperature- causes atoms to move faster vs. Surface area- more space to react in vs. Concentration- an amount of substance used to react with another substance. vs. Catalyst- a substance that makes a reaction go faster, but does not get affected The 4 factors are temperature, concentration, surface area, and catalyst. An increase in the temperature will increase the rate of reaction because as the temperature increases, so does the speed of the molecules. A faster molecule means that there will be more collisions that will result in a higher chance of effective collisions occurring which will speed up the rate of reaction.

Increasing the concentration of the reactants will result in more molecules being packed in a smaller space, which will increase the rate of reaction. Since the molecules have less space to move around this will increase the number of collisions and therefore having a better chance of effective collisions taking place. Increasing the surface area of a solid (only solids, liquids, and gas can not be cut up to make surface area) will result in more sides exposed to the reaction. If more sides are exposed this means that there will be more collisions and a greater chance of effective collisions occurring. The final factor I all four factors is catalyst. The presence of a catalyst will increase the rate of a reaction because a catalyst is like a short cut.

If a short cut is present, molecules will collide faster and will result in more effective collisions. Increasing these 4 factors (temperature, concentration, surface area, and catalyst) will all result in increasing the rate of reaction? Materials: . Alka-Seltzer tablet. Graduated cylinder. Film canister with lid.

Hot plate. Scoopula. Water. Timer / stop watch. Paper towels Procedure: 1. Cut the Alka-Seltzer tablet with the scoopula into four quarters.

Set aside three of the pieces, only one piece will be used for the first trial. 2. Using the graduated cylinder, measure out 15 mL of cold water. 3.

Pour the 15 mL of cold water into the film canister. 4. Take a 1/4 of the Alka-Seltzer tablet and put it into the film canister. 5. Immediately after putting a 1/4 of the Alka-Seltzer tablet into the film canister, put the lid on top and close it.

Make sure a click is heard or else the film canister is not tightly closed. 6. As soon as a click is heard from closing the film canister, start the timer or start watch. 7. When the lid of the film canister pops off, stop the timer or stop watch. 8.

Use the paper towels to clean up if any mess is made and rinse out the film canister. 9. If the lid of the film canister did not pop off in exactly 15 seconds, repeat the steps above but change the amount and type (hot or cold) of water and the amount and the form (solid or crushed) of the Alka-Seltzer tablet until the lid pops in exactly 15 seconds. Observations: Trial # Amount of Water Type of Water Amount of Alka-Seltzer Tablet Form of Alka-Seltzer Tablet Time (Sec.) 1 15 mL Cold 1/4 Solid 1946 2 12 mL Cold 1/4 Crushed 30.00+ 3 15 mL Both 1/4 Solid 30.00+ 4 (Test Run) 15 mL Cold 1/4 Solid 9.69 2 bonus marks J (test run) Conclusion: If 1/3 of Alka seltzer and 12 mL of water (H 2 O) is added then in 15 sec the lid will eventually gust off. The results show that 15 mL of cold water and 1/4 of a solid Alka-Seltzer tablet will increase the time its takes for the lid to put off and will not be exactly 15 seconds.

Therefore, the hypothesis is rejected. Discussion: 1. The evidence that a chemical reaction took place is that there were bubbles being produced, which means that a gas was being produced, a loud noise struck when the lid blasted off, and in addition, there was also a color change from clear to white. 2.

The factors affecting the rates of reaction that were investigated in this lab were temperature (hot or cold water), concentration (amount of Alka-Seltzer or water added), and surface area (the surface area of the Alka-Seltzer). There was only one factor not investigated which was catalyst. 3. In the first trial, 15 mL of cold water and a 1/4 of a solid Alka-Seltzer tablet were used. The results were that the lid took longer approx. 119.6 seconds to pop off.

This was because there was too much water and not enough Alka-Seltzer used. If less water was used, the lid would have probably popped of in the amount asked for (15 sec). In the second trial, 12 mL of cold water and a 1/4 of a crushed Alka-Seltzer tablet were added. The results we worse than the first trial, the second trial took 30+ seconds when the first only took 19.6 seconds. The second trail was worse because the tablet should not have been crushed up because there was less water for the Alka-Seltzer to react with. In the third trial, 15 mL of hot water and cold combined and 1/4 of a solid Alka-Seltzer tablet were added to the canister.

The results were not any better than the second trial, but were still not 15 seconds, it was 30+ seconds. This was because there was probably more hot water than cold or vise-versa. In the final trial, 15 mL of cold water and 1/2 of a solid Alka-Seltzer tablet were added. The results were still not 15 seconds but improved from 30+ to 9.69 seconds. The final trial did not work because there was probably too little water and too much Alka-Seltzer causing it to gust off immediately. To make the reaction occur in exactly 15 seconds, same amount of Alka-Seltzer should have been added.

Maybe 1/2 of the tablet would have worked and 20 mL of the water. 4. Carrots that have been cut into pieces spoil faster than whole carrots because cutting up the carrot will increase the surface area and therefore will increase the rate of reaction because there will be more collisions occurring. This will lead to more effective collisions and will speed up the rate of reaction, therefore the cut up carrots will spoil faster than a whole carrot because there is less surface area on a whole carrot than on cut up pieces of a carrot.

5. If I wanted the blast off reaction to take place in exactly 5 seconds the variables that I would use are 10 mL of hot water because increasing the temperature will probably increase the rate of reaction, and I would cut the Alka-Seltzer tablet into 2 pieces and put all of the pieces in because increasing the surface area should increase the reaction rate. If I wanted the reaction to take place in 10 minutes, I would probably use 15 mL of cold water because decreasing the temperature will probably decrease the rate of reaction. And I would also use the median piece of the Alka-Seltzer tablet as possible, probably around 1/4 of the tablet because the less Alka-Seltzer there is for the water to react with, the slower the reaction will be, and therefore the lid might pop off in 10.6. Enzymes are types of proteins that control the rate of the chemical reactions in the body. They are referred to as "biological catalysts" because humans are born with enzymes because they occur naturally.

For instance, enzymes in salivary glands help to break down food, which is something that occurs naturally therefore, the name "biological catalysts" is given to enzymes because it is a natural short cut in the body for breaking down food faster. 7. Increasing the temperature of a reaction generally increases its rate. However, increasing the temperature of a reaction that is catalyzed by an enzyme may actually slow it down (catalyst is the short-cut). This is because a catalyst is one of the factors that increase the rate of reaction and if you were to change the temperature it could affect the catalyst because increasing the temperature could possibly change the short cut to a longer route, which would slow down the rate of reaction.

The catalyzed enzyme would no longer be as efficient as it was before the temperature was increased. 8. Sources of errors in this experiment are that once a trial has been conducted, one of the main errors preformed was that too much water was added or too little water, water might have been to cold or too hot, other times too much Alka seltzer might have been added or at time too little that caused no gas to produced causing the lid not to pop off. A second error in this experiment is that by cutting the Alka-Seltzer with a scoopula to a certain size may not be accurate because the scoopula is curved and just eye balling the size will not be accurate. To minimize this error a ruler and knife should have been used to achieve accurate measurements. Another error in this experiment is that the lid will not be placed on fast enough to catch all the gas because once the Alka-Seltzer tablet is added the reaction starts and there are a few seconds between the time it takes to put the lid on.

Therefore, some of the gas is escaping that could have been used to pop off the lid faster. To minimize this error the Alka-Seltzer should have been stuck onto the lid and the water in the canister. if this task were to be preformed once again the second trial might be more effective. By: Samira Murs al.