1 Diplomacy example essay topic

394 words
Brian White has defined diplomacy as a communications process between international actors (example: sovereign states) that seeks through negotiation to resolve conflict short of war. This process has been refined, institutionalized and professional ised over many centuries. 2 In foreign policy, diplomacy refers to the use of a policy instrument, possibly together with other instruments such as military force, to enable an international actor to achieve its policy goals. 1 Diplomacy is as old as human history. When human societies interact with one another, disputes do occur. Diplomacy emerge as an instrument to settle disputes, and to rebuild mutual trust and engage in win-win cooperation.

2 According to Geoffrey Stern, there are 5 basic connotations of diplomacy. First, diplomacy refers to the peaceful and orderly conduct of relations between political communities, ie tribes, city-states, sovereign states. Second, the act of negotiations. Third, the skills required for conducting negotiations, ie intelligence, tact, patience and empathy. Fourth, the peaceful management of IR by state agents and diplomats. Fifth, what diplomats do.

All these connotations could be seen by looking at the different dimensions of the Gulf War following Iraq!'s invasion of Kuwait in 1990. The UN applied various forms of pressures aimed at convincing and later compelling Iraq to withdraw its troops from occupied Kuwait. 1 Diplomatic activity can be traced back to ancient times. It took on a modern form from the 15 thC onward (Renaissance Italy) with the establishment of the permanent embassy. By the end of the 19 thC, almost all states had a network of embassies abroad linked to foreign departments at home. Diplomacy had also become an established profession.

2 World War 1 was a! (R) watershed! in the history of diplomacy. The perceived failure of diplomacy to prevent this war led to a demand for a! (R) new! diplomacy that would be less secretive and more subject to democratic control.

Liberals like Woodrow Wilson called for! (R) open covenants, openly arrived at! The League of Nations was also set up at the end of WWI with the hope that international diplomacy would be able to resolve inter-state disputes peacefully. However, the outbreak of WWII in 1939 revealed the limits of the!

(R) new! diplomacy.