1 E Roman Mythology And Religion Whi example essay topic

2nd Six Weeks Era I: Human Origins and Early Civilizations, Prehistory to 1000 BC (continued) ANCIENT RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS LOCATING EGYPT, INDUS RIVER VALLEY, CHINA, HEBREWS, PHOENICIANS, AND KUSH IN TIME AND PLACE {WHI. 3 a} During the New Stone Age, permanent settlements appeared in river valleys and around the Fertile Crescent. River valleys provided rich soil for crops, as well as protection from invasion. Why did ancient civilizations develop in river valleys? Where were the earliest civilizations located? When did these civilizations exist?

SOCIAL, POLITICAL, AND ECONOMIC PATTERNS, INCLUDING SLAVERY (Egypt, Indus River Valley, China, Hebrews, Phoenicians, and Kush) {WHI. 3 b} River valleys were the "Cradles of Civilization". Early civilizations made major contributions to social, political, and economic progress. What were the social, political, and economic characteristics of early civilizations? RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS (Egypt, Indus River Valley, China, Hebrews, Phoenicians, and Kush) {WHI. 3 c} Religion was a major part of life in all early civilizations.

What religious traditions developed in ancient civilizations? JUDAISM (Egypt, Indus River Valley, China, Hebrews, Phoenicians, and Kush) {WHI. 3d} The monotheism of Abraham became the foundation of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam - religions that changed the world. The Hebrews were the first to become monotheists. What were essential beliefs of Judaism?

How did Judaism influence Western civilization? DEVELOPMENT OF LANGUAGE AND WRITING (Egypt, Indus River Valley, China, Hebrews, Phoenicians, and Kush) {WHI. 3 e} Language and writing were important cultural innovations. What forms of language and writing existed in early civilizations?

Era II: Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions: 1000 BC to 500 AD CIVILIZATIONS OF PERSIA, INDIA, AND CHINA PERSIA {WHI. 4 a} Built on earlier Central Asian and Mesopotamian civilizations, Persia developed the largest empire in the world. Persia and development of imperial bureaucracy How did Persia govern its empire? INDIA, ARYAN MIGRATIONS, CASTE SYSTEM {WHI. 4 b} Classical Indian civilization began in the Indus River Valley and spread to the Ganges River Valley, then through the Indian subcontinent. It continued with little interruption because of its geographic location.

The Indo-Aryan people invaded the area, creating a rigidly structured society (caste system) blended with native beliefs. During the Golden Age of classical Indian culture, Indian people made significant contributions to world civilization. Why were physical geography and location important to the development of Indian civilization? What impact did the Aryans have on India? Why was the caste system central to Indian culture? What were the accomplishments of the Gupta dynasty?

HINDUISM {WHI. 4 c} Hinduism was an important contribution of classical India. Hinduism influenced Indian society and culture and is still practiced in India today. What are the characteristics of the Hindu religion? How did Hinduism influence Indian society and culture? BUDDHISM {WHI.

4d} Siddhartha Gautama founded Buddhism in a part of India that is in present-day Nepal. Buddhism became a major faith when Asoka sent missionaries throughout Asia. What are the characteristics of Buddhism? How did Buddhism spread? IMPACT OF CONFUCIANISM, TAOISM, BUDDHISM {WHI. 4 f} Chinese culture began around 1500 BC.

Of Chinese contributions to civilization, Confucianism and Taoism are among the most noted. Why were Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism important in the formation of Chinese culture? CHINA, DEVELOPMENT OF THE EMPIRE AND GREAT WALL {WHI. 4 e} Classical China was centered on the Huan He (Yellow River) and was geographically isolated.

Invaders entered China from the North. The Great Wall was built for China's protection. Why was the Great Wall of China built? What were the contributions of classical China to world civilization? JAPAN, SHINTO, AND BUDDHIST TRADITIONS AND INFLUENCE OF CHINESE CULTURE {WHI. 10 c} How has Japan's geography influenced its development?

How did Chinese culture influence Japan? Why were Shinto and Buddhism important to the development of Japanese culture? Era I: Human Origins and Early Civilizations, Prehistory to 1000 BC (continued) ANCIENT RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS CONTINUED (Skills same as first six weeks) LOCATING EGYPT, INDUS RIVER VALLEY, CHINA, HEBREWS, PHOENICIANS, AND KUSH IN TIME AND PLACE {WHI. 3 a} SOCIAL, POLITICAL, AND ECONOMIC PATTERNS, INCLUDING SLAVERY{WHI. 3 b} (Skills same as first six weeks) RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS {WHI. 3 c} (Skills same as first six weeks) JUDAISM {WHI.

3d} (Skills same as first six weeks) DEVELOPMENT OF LANGUAGE AND WRITING {WHI. 3 e} (Skills same as first six weeks) Era II: Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions: 1000 BC to 500 AD CIVILIZATIONS OF PERSIA, INDIA, AND CHINA PERSIA {WHI. 4 a} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of the world and interpret the past. {WHI. 1 b} Identify major geographic features important to the study of Persia. {WHI.

1 c} Identify and compare political boundaries with the location of civilizations, empires, and kingdoms. {WHI. 1d} Analyze Persians as rulers: -Tolerance of conquered peoples -Development of imperial bureaucracy -Zoroastrianism as a religion -Road system. {WHI. 1 e} INDIA, ARYAN MIGRATIONS, CASTE SYSTEM {WHI.

4 b} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of the world and interpret the past. {WHI. 1 b} Identify major geographic features - physical barriers such as the Himalayas, the Hindu Kush, and the Indian Ocean made invasion more difficult, mountain passes in the Hindu Kush provided invasion routes into the Indian subcontinent, and the Indus and Ganges were the most important rivers in the Indian subcontinent. {WHI.

1 c} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction. {WHI. 1 e} HINDUISM {WHI. 4 c} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze India and Hinduism. {WHI.

1 b} Identify major geographic features important to the study of India. {WHI. 1 c} Analyze trends in cultural interaction and explain the characteristics of the Hindu religion Hinduism - -Caste system in religious law based on occupations -Belief in many forms of one major deity -Reincarnation: Cycles of rebirth -Karma: Future reincarnation based on present behavior -Vedas and Upanishads: Sacred writings. {WHI. 1 e} BUDDHISM {WHI. 4d} Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about Buddhism.

{WHI. 1 a} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze how the Asoka's missionaries and their writings spread Buddhism from India to China and other parts of Asia. {WHI. 1 b} Identify major geographic features important to the study of world history. {WHI. 1 c} Analyze the characteristics of Buddhism - Founder: Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) -Four Noble Truths -Eightfold Path to Enlightenment.

{WHI. 1 e} IMPACT OF CONFUCIANISM, TAOISM, BUDDHISM {WHI. 4 f} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of the world and interpret the past. {WHI. 1 c} Identify contributions of Confucianism in forming the social order in China -Belief that humans are good, not bad -Respect for elders -Code of politeness, still used in Chinese society today -Emphasis on education -Ancestor worship{WHI. 1 e} CHINA, DEVELOPMENT OF THE EMPIRE AND GREAT WALL {WHI.

4 e} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of China. {WHI. 1 b} Identify major geographic features - migratory invaders raided Chinese settlements from the North. The Great Wall was built by Quinn Shi Huang as a line of defense against invasions, the Silk Roads facilitated trade and contact between China and other cultures as far away as Rome. Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction -contributions of classical China: civil service system, paper, porcelain and silk. {WHI.

1 e} JAPAN, SHINTO, AND BUDDHIST TRADITIONS AND INFLUENCE OF CHINESE CULTURE {WHI. 10 c} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of Japan -Mountainous Japanese archipelago (four main islands), Sea of Japan or East Sea between Japan and Asian mainland, proximity to China and Korea. {WHI. 1 b} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction -influence of Chinese culture (writing, architecture, Buddhism) and Shinto (ethnic religion unique to Japan, importance of natural features, forces of nature, and ancestors, state religion; worshipping the emperor, coexistence with Buddhism). {WHI.

1 e} Era I: Human Origins and Early Civilizations, Prehistory to 1000 BC (continued) ANCIENT RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS CONTINUED LOCATING EGYPT IN TIME AND PLACE {WHI. 3 a} Research one of the pharaohs and write a paper highlighting the key accomplishments and events of his / her reign. SOCIAL, POLITICAL, AND ECONOMIC PATTERNS, INCLUDING SLAVERY (EGYPT) {WHI. 3 b} History Alive! , Ancient Egypt and the Near East whereby students will take a "guided riverboat tour" along the Nile. Identify three major periods in ancient Egyptian history.

Describe major accomplishments of six pharaohs. RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS (EGYPT) {WHI. 3 c} Make a chart illustrating the main gods and goddesses in Egypt and the duties they performed. Make a model of a mummy, accompanied by a report explaining the mummification process and how this fits into their religion. Make a poster illustrating the various craftsmen in ancient Egypt with explanations describing their occupations. JUDAISM {WHI.

3d} HEBREWS Locate ancient Israel on a map. History Alive! , Ancient Egypt and the Far East, Activity 4.1, "Origins of Judaism,"The History of the Ancient Israelites". Note key events in the history of ancient Israelites during a slide lecture show in order to understand the origins of Judaism. Create a flag that the Israelites may have displayed. The flag should include symbols representing three ways the Israelites overcame challenges.

Write a one-sentence caption to explain each symbol. Make a booklet of the Ten Commandments with accompanying drawings and paragraphs explaining how these commandments affect our lives today, or write an essay explaining whether you think the Ten Commandments should be posted in public schools. History Alive! , Activity 5.2, Ancient Egypt and the Near East, "The Modern Synagogue: a Reflection of Jewish Traditions".

Complete drawings from information received from placards and written descriptions of elements of a synagogue. DEVELOPMENT OF LANGUAGE AND WRITING (EGYPT) {WHI. 3 e} History Alive! , Activity 3.2, Ancient Egypt and the Near East. Create an illustrated journal about daily Egyptian life. Make a poster containing a drawing of the Rosetta Stone, with "pretend" three languages, a paragraph explaining the Rosetta Stone, its importance in understating Egyptian hieroglyphics and ancient Eastern culture.

4 a} Using the text, complete a graphic organizer that illustrates the different officials who carried out the King's orders and policies, and describe what jobs each did. Describe Persia, with emphasis on the development of an imperial bureaucracy. 4 b} Create a poster with pictures and explanations of the four classes in a caste system, their roles, and the purpose of the caste system. Write an essay either defending the caste system or repudiating it based upon what the student learned about the different varna's.

HINDUISM {WHI. 4 c} History Alive! , Activity 2.1, Ancient India, "Creating a Mandala of Hindu Beliefs". Create a mandala of basic Hindu beliefs after viewing a slide presentation and writing key points about the five main Hindu beliefs and their symbols. BUDDHISM {WHI. 4d} History Alive!

, Activity 2.3, Ancient India, "Discovering the Budda's Path to Enlightenment". Annotate drawings and summarize key events after viewing and learning about the Buddha's life and his basic teachings. Create captions to represent how events contributed to the Buddha's enlightenment. History Alive! , Activity 3.3, Ancient China, "The Silk Road". After viewing slides and placards about artifacts, create visuals and record notes about how each artifact reflects a foreign influence.

4 f} History Alive! , Activity 2.2 A, Ancient China. Read background information on Confucianism. Write and act out short skits demonstrating the beliefs of Confucianism and the five key relationships that a harmonious society is based upon. 4 e} History Alive! 10 c} Complete a graphic organizer comparing / contrasting Shintoism and Buddhism.

Write a "pretend" letter of a Japanese citizen writing to a Chinese relative extolling the many cultural traditions and practices the Japanese have imported and implemented from the Chinese. 3rd Six Weeks Era II: Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions, 1000 BC to 500 AD (continued) GREECE INFLUENCE OF GEOGRAPHY {WHI. 5 a} The physical geography of the Aegean Basin shaped the economic, social, and political development of Greek civilization. The expansion of Greek civilization, through trade and colonization, led to the spread of Hellenic culture across the Mediterranean and Black seas. How did the mountains, seas, islands, harbors, peninsulas, and straits of the Aegean Basin shape Greek economic, social, and political development and patterns of trade and colonization?

GREEK MYTHOLOGY AND RELIGION {WHI. 5 b} Greek mythology was based on a polytheistic religion that was integral to the culture, politics, and art in ancient Greece. Many of Western civilization's symbols, metaphors, words, and idealized images come from ancient Greek mythology. How did mythology help the early Greek civilization explain the natural world and the human condition? What impact did Greek mythology have on later civilizations and the contemporary world? SOCIAL STRUCTURE, SLAVERY, CITIZENSHIP, DEMOCRACY, ATHENS AND SPARTA {WHI.

5 c} Classical Athens developed the most democratic system of government the world had ever seen, although not everyone could participate in decision-making. It became a foundation of modern democracies. Contrasting philosophies of government divided the Greek city-states of Athens (democracy) and Sparta (oligarchy). How did democracy develop in Athens? How did Sparta differ from Athens? PERSIAN AND PELOPONNESIAN WAR {WHI.

5d} The Greeks defeated the Persian empire and preserved their political independence. Competition between Sparta and Athens for control of Greece helped cause the Peloponnesian War. Why were wars with Persia important to the development of Greek culture? Why was the Peloponnesian War important to the spread of Greek culture? GOLDEN AGE OF PERICLES {WHI.

5 e} Athenian culture, during the Classic Era, became one of the foundation stones of Western civilization. Why was the leadership of Pericles important to the development of Athenian life and Greek culture? DRAMA, POETRY, HISTORY, SCULPTURE, ARCHITECTURE, SCIENCE, MATHEMATICS, AND PHILOSOPHY {WHI. 5 f} Athenian culture, during the Classic Era, became one of the foundation stones of Western civilization. What were some important contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization?

CONQUEST OF GREECE BY MACEDONIA AND THE SPREAD OF HELLENISTIC CULTURE BY ALEXANDER THE GREAT {WHI. 5 g} The Macedonian conquest of Greece followed the weakening of Greek defenses during the Peloponnesian Wars. Alexander the Great adopted Greek culture and spread Hellenistic influences throughout his vast empire. How did the empire of Alexander the Great establish a basis for the spread of Hellenistic culture?

ROME FROM 700 BC TO 500 AD INFLUENCE OF GEOGRAPHY {WHI. 6 a} The city of Rome, with its central location on the Italian peninsula, was able to extend its influence over the entire Mediterranean Basin. The Italian peninsula was protected by the sea and an arc of mountains, the Alps. How was geographic location important to economic, social, and political development of ancient Rome? ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND RELIGION {WHI. 6 b} Roman mythology, like Greek mythology, was based upon a polytheistic religion that was integral to culture, politics, and art.

Many of Western civilization's symbols, metaphors, words, and idealized images come from ancient Roman mythology. What was the source of Roman mythology? What impact did Roman mythology have on later civilizations? SOCIAL STRUCTURE, SLAVERY, CITIZENSHIP, REPUBLIC {WHI. 6 c} Although women, most aliens (non-Romans living in the Republic), and slaves were excluded from the governing process, the Roman Republic made major strides in the development of representative democracy, which became a foundation of modern democracy. How did the government of the Roman Republic become more democratic in its decision making?

MILITARY DOMINATION OF MEDITERRANEAN BASIN AND WESTERN EUROPE {WHI. 6d} After the victory over Carthage in the Punic Wars, Rome was able, over the next 100 years, to dominate the Mediterranean basin, leading to the diffusion of Roman culture. Why was Rome able to conquer Carthage and then go on to extend its influence across the entire Mediterranean basin and much of Western Europe? Era II: Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions, 1000 BC to 500 AD (continued) GREECE INFLUENCE OF GEOGRAPHY {WHI. 5 a} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the location and place of Greece - Aegean Sea, Greek peninsula, Europe, Asia Minor; Mediterranean Sea; Black Sea, Dardanelles; Athens, Sparta, Troy; and Macedonia {WHI. 1 b} Identify major geographic features important to the study of Greece.

{WHI. 1d} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction -economic, social, and political development. {WHI. 1 e} GREEK MYTHOLOGY AND RELIGION {WHI. 5 b} Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources on Greek mythology. {WHI.

1 a} SOCIAL STRUCTURE, SLAVERY, CITIZENSHIP, DEMOCRACY, ATHENS AND SPARTA {WHI. 5 c} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes Greece. {WHI. 1 b} Identify and compare political boundaries with the location of Athens and Sparta. {WHI. 1d} PERSIAN AND PELOPONNESIAN WAR {WHI.

5d| Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of Persia. {WHI. 1 b} Identify and compare political boundaries with the location of civilizations, empires, and kingdoms. {WHI.

1d} Analyze trends in cultural interaction - the importance of the Persian Wars (499-449 BC) and Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC) {WHI. 1 e} GOLDEN AGE OF PERICLES {WHI. 5 e} Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about the Golden Age of Pericles. {WHI. 1 a} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the Golden Age of Pericles. {WHI.

1d} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction to explain why the leadership of Pericles was important. {WHI. 1 e} DRAMA, POETRY, HISTORY, SCULPTURE, ARCHITECTURE, SCIENCE, MATHEMATICS, AND PHILOSOPHY {WHI. 5 f} Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about the contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization - Drama: Aeschylus, Sophocles; Poetry: Homer (Iliad and Odyssey); history-Herodotus, Thucydides; Sculpture: Phidias; architecture - types of columns included Doric (Parthenon), Ionian, and Corinthian; science -Archimedes, Hippocrates; mathematics- Euclid, Pythagoras; Philosophy- Socrates, Plato, Aristotle {WHI. 1 a} CONQUEST OF GREECE BY MACEDONIA AND THE SPREAD OF HELLENISTIC CULTURE BY ALEXANDER THE GREAT {WHI. 5 g} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the conquest of Greece by Macedonia and the spread of Hellenistic culture by Alexander the Great.

{WHI. 1d} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction. {WHI. 1 e} ROME FROM 700 BC TO 500 AD INFLUENCE OF GEOGRAPHY {WHI. 6 a} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of Rome. {WHI.

1d} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction to explain the importance of the geographic location of Rome. {WHI. 1 e} ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND RELIGION {WHI. 6 b} Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about Roman mythology and religion.

{WHI. 1 a} SOCIAL STRUCTURE, SLAVERY, CITIZENSHIP, REPUBLIC {WHI. 6 c} Use artifacts and pictures to analyze the social structure of the Roman Republic, citizenship, and features of democracy. {WHI. 1d} MILITARY DOMINATION OF MEDITERRANEAN BASIN AND WESTERN EUROPE {WHI. 6d} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to explain why Rome was able to conquer Carthage and extend its influence.

{WHI. 1 e} Era II: Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions, 1000 BC to 500 AD (continued) GREECE INFLUENCE OF GEOGRAPHY {WHI. 5 a} History Alive! , Activity 1.1, Ancient Greece, "Understanding Geography's Effect on Settlement in Ancient Greece".

Create a real estate advertisement using words and visuals to encourage people to move to ancient Greece. Include information on geography and opportunities for trade and farming by using notes, text, and other references. 5 b} Write and give a 200 word oral presentation of a dialogue between a Greek god or goddess and an ancient Greek. Complete a crossword puzzle about Greek mythology and religion using information from text and handouts. Write a research report on a Greek belief in life after death, the Oracle at Delphi, Perseus, Hercules, or Theseus who has come to tell the class about your adventures. 5 c} History Alive!

, Activity 1.4, Ancient Greece, "The Development of Democracy in Ancient Greece". Complete worksheet and create a graphic organizer to sequence democracy's development in Greece, giving specific facts about people and dates to accompany each one. Read "An Athenian Dream" and "A Spartan Life" from Choosing Your Way Through the World's Ancient Past by J. Weston Walsh, Publisher. Write a story or poem comparing / contrasting Athens and Sparta. Assuming the role of either an Athenian or a Spartan, write a 250-word speech to convince people to move to the respective city-state. 5d} History Alive!

, Activity 2.1, Ancient Greece, "Understanding the Persian Wars Through Visual Metaphors". Discuss what key events happened in the Persian Wars, what the results were, and how they affected the development of Ancient Greece. Create visuals about the key events in the Persian Wars. History Alive, activity 2.3, "Greek Against Greek" for Peloponnesian Wars. Create two different diagrams showing differences between Athens and Sparta in the categories of geography, government, quality of life, treatment of citizens and economy. 5 e} History Alive!

, Activity 2.2, Ancient Greece, "Athens During the Golden Age". Take a "walking tour" of Athens in the 5th century BC, and complete handouts consisting of various tasks. Create an illustrated scrapbook about daily life in Athens. 5 f} History Alive! , Activity 4.1, Ancient Greece, "Recognizing Ancient Greek Achievements".

Create five commemorative "stamps" with different designs highlighting various Greek achievements accompanied by a description of each one. 5 g} History Alive! , Activity 3.1, Ancient Greece, "Alexander the Great: Hero or Villain?" Develop act-it-outs about Alexander's military career and his impact on the spread of Greek culture. Record notes from act-it-outs and from information given in lessons, and respond to four key critical-thinking questions in the activity. 6 a} Color code a map of the Roman Empire indicating growth to ascertain the economic, social and political development of the republic to an empire. 6 b} Write an imaginary dialogue between at least three Roman gods and / or goddesses during one of the Punic Wars.

6 c} History Alive! Activity 1.2, Ancient Rome", and Plebeians". Make a timeline to record key events that caused Rome to become a more democratic government. Write a one-sentence summary for each event along with a visual to represent the event. 6d} History Alive! , Activity 1.3, Ancient Rome, "The Punic Wars Between Rome and Carthage".

Create a brief act-it-out to illustrate the effects of the outcome of the Punic Wars on various people. Complete a map of Rome's expansion as a result of the Punic Wars. History Alive! , Activity 1.4, Ancient Rome, "Debating Whether Military Expansion Helped or Hurt Rome". Prepare for and participate in a panel discussion about Roman expansion and its effects using information given in the activity. Draw the heads and faces of the eight historic figures, and write voice bubbles describing what each historic figure thought about Rome's military expansion.

4th Six Weeks Era II: Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions, 1000 BC to 500 AD (continued) ROME (continued) IMPACT OF MILITARY CONQUESTS ON ARMY, ECONOMY, SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF ROME, ROLES OF JULIUS AND AUGUSTUS CAESAR IN THE COLLAPSE OF THE REPUBLIC AND RISE OF IMPERIAL MONARCHS {WHI. 6 e} {WHI. 6 f} The Roman Republic, in the face of changing social and economic conditions, succumbed to civil war and was replaced by an imperial regime, the Roman Empire. Why did the Roman Republic fail to survive challenges by Julius Caesar? How did military conquests alter economic and social life in Rome? How did an imperial monarchy come to rule Rome?

ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND POLITICAL IMPACT OF PAX ROMANA {WHI. 6 g} Augustus Caesar established the Roman Empire by instituting civil service, rule by law, a common coinage, and secure travel and trade throughout the Empire. Following Augustus Caesar, the Roman Empire enjoyed 200 years of peace and prosperity known as the Pax Romana. What was the Pax Romana? What was the impact of the Pax Romana on the Roman Empire?

ART, ARCHITECTURE, TECHNOLOGY, SCIENCE, MEDICINE, LITERATURE, HISTORY, LANGUAGE, RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS, LAW {WHI. 6 j} Conquests and trade spread Roman cultural and technological achievements throughout the Empire. Western civilization was influenced by the cultural achievements of Rome. How did Roman achievements influence Western civilization?

CHRISTIANITY {WHI. 6 h} The followers of Jesus spread Christianity throughout the Roman Empire, bringing it into conflict with Roman polytheism and eventually changing Western civilization. How did Christianity become established within the Roman Empire? What were the essential beliefs of the early Christian faith?

How did Christianity spread? CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE LATE ROMAN EMPIRE {WHI. 6 i} As the Roman Empire declined in the West, the Church in Rome grew in importance, membership, and influence. What was the impact of the early Church in the late Roman Empire? DECLINE AND FALL OF ROMAN EMPIRE {WHI.

6 k} Over a 300-year period, the western part of the Roman Empire steadily declined because of internal and external problems. Why did the Western Roman Empire decline? Era : Post-Classical Civilizations, 500 to 1000 AD ESTABLISHMENT OF CONSTANTINOPLE {WHI. 7 a} The capital of the Eastern Roman Empire was changed to Constantinople to provide political, economic, and military advantages. Why was Constantinople established as the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire? JUSTINIAN, CODIFICATION OF ROMAN LAW, EXPANSION OF BYZANTINE EMPIRE AND ECONOMY {WHI.

7 b} As the first to codify Roman law, Justinian provided the basis for the law codes of Western Europe. Under Justinian, the Byzantine Empire reached its height in culture and prosperity. What was the influence of Justinian's codification of Roman law on the Byzantine Empire and later legal codes? What was Justinian's influence on the expansion of the Byzantine Empire and its economy? BYZANTINE ART AND ARCHITECTURE, PRESERVATION OF GREEK AND ROMAN TRADITIONS {WHI. 7 c} Greek Orthodox Christianity and imperial patronage enabled the Byzantine Empire to develop a unique style of art and architecture.

Greek and Roman traditions were preserved in the Byzantine Empire. What were the contributions of Byzantine art and architecture? How did Greek and Roman culture survive within the Byzantine Empire? Era II: Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions, 1000 BC to 500 AD (continued) ROME (continued) IMPACT OF MILITARY CONQUESTS ON ARMY, ECONOMY, SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF ROME, ROLES OF JULIUS AND AUGUSTUS CAESAR IN THE COLLAPSE OF THE REPUBLIC AND RISE OF IMPERIAL MONARCHS {WHI.

6 e} {WHI. 6 f} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of the collapse of the Republic. {WHI. 1 e} ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND POLITICAL IMPACT OF PAX ROMANA {WHI. 6 g} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the economic, social and political impact of Pax Romana. {WHI.

1d} ART, ARCHITECTURE, TECHNOLOGY, SCIENCE, MEDICINE, LITERATURE, HISTORY, LANGUAGE, RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS, LAW {WHI. 6 j} Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about the contributions of ancient Rome: -Art / architecture : Pantheon, Coliseum, Forum -Technology: Roads, aqueducts, Roman arches -Science: Ptolemy -Medicine: Emphasis on public health (public baths; public water system; medical schools) -Language: Latin, Romance languages -Literature: Virgil's Aeneid -Religion: Roman mythology; adoption of Christianity as the imperial religion -Law: The principle of "innocent until proven guilty" (from the Twelve Tables) {WHI. 1 a} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of the world and interpret the past. {WHI. 1 b} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction. {WHI.

1 e} CHRISTIANITY {WHI. 6 h) Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the origin, beliefs, traditions, customs, and spread of Christianity. {WHI. 1 e} CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE LATE ROMAN EMPIRE {WHI.

6 i) Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the impact of the Church of Rome in the late Roman empire. {WHI. 1 e} DECLINE AND FALL OF ROMAN EMPIRE {WHI. 6 k} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the decline of the western part of the Roman Empire. {WHI. 1 e} Era : Post-Classical Civilizations, 500 to 1000 AD ESTABLISHMENT OF CONSTANTINOPLE {WHI.

7 a} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze why the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire was changed to Constantinople. {WHI. 1 b} Identify major geographic features important to the study of Constantinople. {WHI. 1 e} JUSTINIAN, CODIFICATION OF ROMAN LAW, EXPANSION OF BYZANTINE EMPIRE AND ECONOMY {WHI. 7 b} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the Byzantine Emperor Justinian.

{WHI. 1 e} BYZANTINE ART AND ARCHITECTURE, PRESERVATION OF GREEK AND ROMAN TRADITIONS {WHI. 7 c} Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about Byzantine achievements in art and architecture and Byzantine culture. {WHI. 1 a} Use artifacts and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of the Byzantine Empire. {WHI.

1 b} Era II: Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions, 1000 BC to 500 AD (continued) ROME (continued) IMPACT OF MILITARY CONQUESTS ON ARMY, ECONOMY, SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF ROME {WHI. 6 e} History Alive! ROLES OF JULIUS AND AUGUSTUS CAESAR IN THE COLLAPSE OF THE REPUBLIC AND RISE OF IMPERIAL MONARCHS {WHI. 6 f} History Alive!

, Activity 2.1, Ancient Rome, "Creating Columns to Evaluate Roman Emperors". Create "columns" using visuals, and write a statement that commemorates each of the four Roman emperors' accomplishments and failures. 6 g} History Alive! , Activity 2.2, Ancient Rome, "Writing a Travel Guide About Daily Life in Ancient Rome". Create an illustrated travel guide with tips to help time travelers prepare for a trip back to ancient Rome. 6 j} History Alive!

, Activity 3.2, Ancient Rome, "Comparing Early Christian and Ancient Roman beliefs". Compare early Christian beliefs with early Roman religious beliefs to learn why conflicts arose between the two groups. Examine the visual and written information of the eight stations on the aspects of Roman life. Complete a dialogue by writing Christian responses to Roman requests. History Alive! , Activity 4.1, Ancient Rome, "Discovering the Influence of Latin or Modern English".

Use Latin terms to locate visuals featuring English words derived from them. History Alive! , Activity 4.2, Ancient Rome, "Recognizing Roman Achievements in the Modern World". Create a spectrum that ranges from "greatly affects us" to "doesn't affect us" with explanations to support each one. CHRISTIANITY {WHI. 6 h} History Alive!

Activity 3.1, Ancient Rome, "The Beginning of Christianity". Views slides, and match biblical passages with artwork depicting each event in a written assignment. History Alive! 6 i} History Alive!

6 k} Make graphic organizers about the fall. Write a one-page report telling whether the U.S. is showing any signs of weakening the same way the Roman Empire did. Cite specific events that happened in Rome, and parallel these events with events in the United States. 7 a} Make a chart citing reasons Constantinople became the capitol city in the Eastern Roman Empire. 7 b} Complete a graphic organizer about the contributions of Justinian. Pretend that you are a citizen of Constantinople and write a letter to a relative in Alexandria extolling the many virtues, contributions and achievements of Justinian.

7 c} Write a one-page descriptive report on the H agia Sophia. Cite Byzantine military conquests to restore the glory and power of Rome. 5th Six Weeks Era : Post classical civilizations, 500 to 1000 A.D. (continued) BYZANTINE INFLUENCE AND TRADE {WHI. 7 e} Byzantine civilization influenced Russian and Eastern European civilizations through its religion, culture, and trade. Why did the Byzantine Empire have so much influence on religion, culture, and trade in Russia and Eastern Europe?

SPLIT BETWEEN ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH AND GREEK ORTHODOX CHURCH {WHI. 7d} The cultural and political differences between the eastern and western Roman Empire weakened the unity of the Christian Church and led to its division. What factors produced the division within the Christian Church? ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION FROM ABOUT 600 AD TO 1000 AD ISLAM {WHI.

8 a} The revelations of Muhammad form the basis of the Islamic religion, a monotheistic faith. Muhammad and his followers spread Islam. Islamic traditions and customs developed over centuries and created a distinct Muslim culture. Where did the Islamic religion originate? Where did it spread?

What are the beliefs, traditions, and customs of Islam? INFLUENCE OF GEOGRAPHY {WHI. 8 b} In the first three centuries after Muhammad's death, Muslim rule expanded rapidly, overcoming geographic barriers, and weakened political empires. Political unity and the Arabic language facilitated trade and stimulated intellectual activity. How did geography influence the rapid expansion of territory under Muslim rule?

How did political and cultural geography facilitate trade and cultural activity in the early Islamic lands? HISTORICAL TURNING POINTS IN SPREAD AND INFLUENCE OF ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION {WHI. 8 c} Major historical turning points marked the spread and influence of Islamic civilization. What were some major historical turning points that marked the spread and influence of Islamic civilization? CULTURAL AND SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS OF ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION {WHI. 8d} Early Islamic civilization was characterized by achievements in science and the arts that transformed the Islamic world and contributed to world civilization.

How did Islamic civilization preserve and extend ancient Greek, Persian, and Indian learning? What were some contributions of Islamic civilization? CHRISTIANITY AND THE CATHOLIC CHURCH {WHI. 9 a} The Roman Catholic Church grew in importance after Roman authority declined. It became the unifying force in Western Europe.

During the Middle Ages, the Pope anointed the Holy Roman Emperors, missionaries carried Christianity to the Germanic tribes, and the Church served the social, political, and religious needs of the people. How and why did the Church grow in importance during the Middle Ages? FRANKISH KINGS, AGE OF CHARLEMAGNE, REVIVAL OF ROMAN EMPIRE {WHI. 9 c} How did Charlemagne revive the idea of the Roman Empire?

INVASIONS, SETTLEMENTS, MIGRATORY GROUPS {WHI. 9d} How did the invasions by the Angles, Saxons, Magyars, and Vikings influence the development of Europe? FEUDALISM {WHI. 9 b} The decline of Roman influence in Western Europe left people with little protection against invasion, so they entered into feudal agreements with land-holding lords who promised them protection. How did a feudal society develop in Europe in the Middle Ages? How did the medieval manor function as a social and economic system?

Era IV: Regional Interactions, 1000 to 1500 AD EAST AFRICAN KINGDOMS OF AXUM AND ZIMBABWE, WEST AFRICAN CIVILIZATIONS OF GHANA, MALI, SONGHAI {WHI. 10d} What were the characteristics of civilizations in sub-Saharan Africa during the medieval period? MAYAN, AZTEC, AND INCAN {WHI. 11 a} {WHI. 11 b} What were the characteristics of Mayan, Aztec, and Incan civilizations?

Era : Post classical civilizations, , 500 to 1000 A.D. (continued) BYZANTINE INFLUENCE AND TRADE {WHI. 7 e} Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about the influence of Byzantine culture on Eastern Europe and Russia. {WHI. 1 a} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of Eastern Europe and Russia. {WHI. 1 e} SPLIT BETWEEN ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH AND GREEK ORTHODOX CHURCH {WHI.

7d} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the split between the Roman Catholic Church and the Greek Orthodox Church. {WHI. 1d} ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION FROM 600 AD TO 1000 AD ISLAM {WHI. 8 a} Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about Islam. {WHI. 1 a} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the origin, beliefs, traditions, customs and spread of Islam.

{WHI. 1 b} Identify major geographic features important to the study of the spread of Islam. {WHI. 1 e} INFLUENCE OF GEOGRAPHY {WHI.

8 b} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the geographic influences on the origin and spread of Islam. {WHI. 1d} Analyze how political and cultural geography facilitate trade and cultural activity in early Islamic lands. {WHI. 1 e} HISTORICAL TURNING POINTS IN SPREAD AND INFLUENCE OF ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION {WHI. 8 c} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the major turning points in the spread and influence of Islamic civilization.

{WHI. 1 b} Analyze trends in cultural interaction. {WHI. 1 e} CULTURAL AND SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS OF ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION {WHI.

8d} Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about cultural and scientific contributions and achievements of Islamic civilization. {WHI. 1 b} CHRISTIANITY AND THE CATHOLIC CHURCH {WHI. 9 a} Identify major geographic features important to the study of growth of the Catholic Church in the Middle Ages. {WHI. 1 e} FRANKISH KINGS, AGE OF CHARLEMAGNE, REVIVAL OF ROMAN EMPIRE {WHI.

9 c} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the Age of Charlemagne. {WHI. 1d} INVASIONS, SETTLEMENTS, MIGRATORY GROUPS {WHI. 9d} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the invasions of the Angles, Saxons, Magyars, and Vikings. {WHI.

1 b} Identify major geographic features important to the study of the invasion of the Angles, Saxons, Magyars, and Vikings. {WHI. 1 e} FEUDALISM {WHI. 9 b} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of feudal society.

{WHI. 1d} Era IV: Regional Interactions, 1000 to 1500 AD EAST AFRICAN KINGDOMS OF AXUM AND ZIMBABWE, WEST AFRICAN CIVILIZATIONS OF GHANA, MALI, SONGHAI {WHI. 10d} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of African civilizations. {WHI. 1 b} Identify major geographic features important to the study of African civilizations.

{WHI. 1 c} Identify and compare political boundaries with the location of Axum, Zimbabwe, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. {WHI. 1 c} MAYAN, AZTEC, AND INCAN {WHI. 11 a} {WHI. 11 b} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of the Mayan, Aztec, and Incan civilizations.

{WHI. 1 b} Identify major geographic features important to the study of the Mayan, Aztec, and Incan civilizations. {WHI. 1 e].

7 e} Using a map that includes the Byzantine Empire, Russia and Eastern Europe, create a key to illustrate trade between the Byzantines and Slavs, as well as a one-paragraph explanation of how Byzantine influence made its way to Russia and Eastern Europe. 7d} Create a graphic organizer that highlights at least four areas of dispute between the two churches. Write a one-page dialogue between the Pope and the Byzantine emperor expressing the differing views of each. 8 a} Create an eight-page booklet about the origin, development, beliefs and spread of Islam. Make a large collage depicting the origin, beliefs and spread of Islam with pictures and explanations. Write a two-page dialogue between a Christian or Jew and a Muslim highlighting key similarities and differences between the faiths.

8 b} Write an essay assessing a desert's influence on Islamic economic, social and political development including the impact of conquest and trade. Draw a map of the Islamic World around 750 AD depicting Arab trade routes, and explain how these trade routes developed and how they, in turn, spread the Islam religion and customs. 8 c} Complete a graphic organizer called a "Sequence Chain" to identify historical turning points for Islam - its beginning, development, how it spread and changed, and its influence in France in 732 AD, thus enabling Christianity to survive in Western Europe. Create a visual with voice bubbles or captions for each turning point identified in the graphic organizer.

8d} Make a booklet, complete with visuals and captions, that highlights the achievements of Islamic Arabs in the fields of chemistry, mathematics, literature, astronomy, history, medicine, the arts, as well as religious beliefs. Write a poem or report about the achievements of Islamic Arabs in the fields of chemistry, mathematics, literature, astronomy, history, medicine, the arts, as well as religious beliefs. Research a different field of contributions and achievements. Make a presentation to the class pretending to be an Arab who made this contribution.

9 a} Write a report highlighting the key aspects of the period or person's life, including events in that historical period or person's life which led to the spread of Christianity and the Catholic Church throughout Europe during the early Middle Ages. a) Christianization of Ireland b) The rule of the Frank king, King Clovis c) the Frank, Charles the Hammer d) the Frank King, Charlemagne Demonstrate knowledge of Western Europe during the Middle Ages from about 500 to 1000 AD in terms of its impact on Western civilization by sequencing events related to the spread and influence of Christianity and the Catholic church throughout Europe. Explain the rise of Frankish kings and the Age of Charlemagne. 9 c} Demonstrate knowledge of Western Europe during the Middle Ages from about 500 to 1000 AD in terms of its impact on Western civilization by sequencing events related to the spread and influence of Christianity and the Catholic church throughout Europe. 9d} Write a poem or song about Alfred the Great telling of his great deeds that united England and improved life in England under his rule. Make a large poster highlighting information about the daily life of Vikings including family life, occupations, religion, and include visual illustrations with accompanying captions.

FEUDALISM {WHI. 9 b} Create two columns labeled "Lords" and "Vassals". Write the responsibilities of each in the appropriate column. Write a paragraph explaining why the relationship between lords and vassals developed and whether it was a fair one. 10d} Write a report or make a booklet using visuals and voice bubbles or captions on one of the following African kingdoms: Kush, Axum, Ghana, Mali or Songhai, detailing its geographic location, language, religion, government, economy (including items of trade and with whom) and other significant aspects. Write a report on African culture (music, dance, sculpture, jewelry, food, holidays and literature).

Identify African influences in our United States's society today. Wear clothes or jewelry reflecting African influence, or play African music and perform an African dance. Pretend to be anthropologists and give a presentation reporting on a tour of African or American historical sites. 11 b} Pretend to be anthropologists and give a presentation reporting on a tour of African or American historical sites.

Create a map for each Central and South American civilization (Mayan, Aztec and Incan) detailing location, climate, and chief agricultural products. Create collages of each of the three civilizations' cultures (Mayan, Aztec and Incan). Include visuals and details of their location, religion, government, economy, language, jobs, and achievements. Make a drawing or build a model of one of the temple or pyramids of the Mayan, Incan or Aztec civilization. Using paper, modeling clay or yarn, create a craft item from the Mayan, Incan or Aztec civilization illustrating the unique patterns and colors of that civilization. 6th Six Weeks Era IV: Regional Interactions, 1000 to 1500 AD (continued) EASTERN HEMISPHERE Civilizations and empires of the Eastern Hemisphere MAJOR TRADE ROUTES {WHI.

10 a} Where were the major trade routes in the Eastern Hemisphere from 1000 to 1500 AD? TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES AND TRANSFERS, ECONOMIC INTERDEPENDENCE, CULTURAL INTERACTIONS {WHI. 10 b} How did trade facilitate the diffusion of goods and ideas among different cultures? LATE MEDIEVAL PERIOD NATION-STATES (ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, RUSSIA) {WHI.

12 a} How did European nation-states expand their territories and consolidate their power? CONFLICTS AMONG EURASIAN POWERS (Crusades, Mongol conquests, fall of Constantinople) {WHI. 12 b} What were key events and effects of the Crusades? What were the effects of the Mongol invasions? What were the effects of the Ottoman invasions of Europe?

BLACK DEATH {WHI. 12 c} How did the Black Death alter economic and social institutions in much of Asia and then in Europe? TRANSFER TO WESTERN EUROPE OF GREEK, ROMAN, AND ARABIC PHILOSOPHY, MEDICINE, AND SCIENCE {WHI. 12d} How did European scholars begin to interpret and value ancient learning? RENAISSANCE {WHI. 13 a} How did the Crusades stimulate trade between Europe and the Muslim Empire?

What were the economic foundations of the Renaissance? RISE OF ITALIAN CITY-STATES {WHI. 13 b} How did northern Italian cities benefit from their geographic location? How did Italian city-states achieve importance and develop politically? What were Machiavelli's ideas about power?

ARTISTIC, LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL CREATIVITY {WHI. 13 c} How did the arts and literature of the Renaissance differ from those of the Middle Ages? Who were prominent Italian Renaissance artists and writers? How did classical knowledge of the ancient Greeks and Romans foster humanism in the Italian Renaissance? COMPARING THE ITALIAN AND NORTHERN RENAISSANCE {WHI.

13d} How did ideas of the Italian Renaissance change as they became adopted in northern Europe? Who were important artists and writers of the Northern Renaissance? Era IV: Regional Interactions, 1000 to 1500 AD (continued) EASTERN HEMISPHERE MAJOR TRADE ROUTES {WHI. 10 a} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the major trade route patterns of Eastern Europe from 1000 to 1500 AD. {WHI. 1 b} Identify major geographic features important to the study of major trade route patterns of Eastern Europe from 1000 to 1500 AD: - Silk roads across Asia to the Mediterranean basin - Maritime routes across the Indian Ocean - Trans-Saharan routes across North Africa - Northern European links with the Black Sea - Western European sea and river trade - South China Sea and lands of Southeast Asia.

{WHI. 1 c} TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES AND TRANSFERS, ECONOMIC INTERDEPENDENCE, CULTURAL INTERACTIONS {WHI. 10 b} Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about how trade facilitated the diffusion of goods and ideas among different cultures. {WHI. 1 a} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction. {WHI.

1 e} LATE MEDIEVAL PERIOD NATION-STATES (ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, RUSSIA) {WHI. 12 a} Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about how England, France, Spain, and Russia expanded their territories and consolidated their power. {WHI. 1 a} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of the England, France, Spain, and Russia. {WHI. 1 b} Identify and compare political boundaries with the location of England, France, Spain, and Russia.

{WHI. 1d} CONFLICTS AMONG EURASIAN POWERS (Crusades, Mongol conquests, fall of Constantinople) {WHI. 12 b} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the key events of the Crusades. {WHI. 1 b} Identify and compare political boundaries of the Holy Land during the Crusades, Mongol invasion of Russia, Southwest Asia, and China, and the Ottoman Turks' conquest of the Byzantine Empire. {WHI.

1d} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction from prehistory to 1500 AD {WHI. 1 e} BLACK DEATH {WHI. 12 c} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the Black Death's impact on economic and social institutions in Asia and Europe. {WHI. 1 b} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction from prehistory to 1500 AD {WHI. 1 e} TRANSFER TO WESTERN EUROPE OF GREEK, ROMAN, AND ARABIC PHILOSOPHY, MEDICINE, AND SCIENCE {WHI.

12d} Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about church scholars during the Middle Ages. {WHI. 1 a} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of the world and interpret the past to 1500 AD {WHI. 1 e} RENAISSANCE {WHI.

13 a} Identify and compare political boundaries to show how the Crusades stimulated trade. Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction from prehistory to 1500 AD {WHI. 1 e} RISE OF ITALIAN CITY-STATES {WHI. 13 b} Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about the rise of Italian city-states and their political development. {WHI.

1 a} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze how northern Italian cities benefit from their geographic location. {WHI. 1 b} Identify and compare political boundaries with the location of civilizations, empires, and kingdoms from 4000 BC to 1500 AD {WHI. 1 e} ARTISTIC, LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL CREATIVITY {WHI. 13 c} Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about the art, philosophy, and literature of the Renaissance. {WHI.

1 a} COMPARING THE ITALIAN AND NORTHERN RENAISSANCE {WHI. 13d} Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about the Northern Renaissance. {WHI. 1 a} Use artifacts, and pictures to analyze the Northern Renaissance writers (Erasmus, Sir Thomas More). {WHI. 1 b} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction to explain how the ideas of the Italian Renaissance changed as they became adopted in northern Europe.

{WHI. 1 e} Era IV: Regional Interactions, 1000 to 1500 AD (continued) EASTERN HEMISPHERE MAJOR TRADE ROUTES {WHI. 10 a} Create posters with maps showing major trade routes in Europe, the Arab world, China and India by 1400. Write a report explaining the trade patterns with specific information on Veni cian trade with Arabs and Western Europeans, the Hanseatic League, and the Silk Road to China. Chart the diffusion of goods, technology, and ideas. 10 b} Write a poem or song or make a poster or booklet illustrating the key technological advances in the Eastern Hemisphere between 1000 AD and 1500 AD.

Include the printing press and innovations in shipbuilding and navigation. Write a 300 word essay entitled "Johannes Gutenberg, an Inventor of Revolutionary Magnitude". 12 a} Write a report, poem, song, or create an illustrated booklet on: a) William the Conqueror b) Henry II of England c) Magna Carta d) Phillip II of France e) Phillip II of France f) Otto I of Germany g) Frederick I of Germany h) Frederick II of Germany i) Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain CONFLICTS AMONG EURASIAN POWERS (Crusades, Mongol conquests, fall of Constantinople) {WHI. 12 b} Using a large poster, make an illustrated timeline organizing events during the rise of Monarchies in Europe, specifically England, France, Spain, Germany and Russia during the late Middle Ages. Identify the most important events, and develop symbols to make those dates stand out on the timeline by using color symbols to distinguish events of different nations. With the class divided into three separate groups, have Group 1 pretend to be the Pope's assistants.

Create posters for each of the Crusades (peasants', nobles', kings', and childrens') illustrating what attracted people to the Holy War and to persuade people to join the Crusades. Group 2 will create and perform a skit about the Mongol conquests in China, Central Asia, Russia, and the Middle East containing factual information about Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan, the terror tactics of Mongols, the accomplishments of them, and the results of their rule. Group 3 will create posters or booklets using facts and visuals summarizing and illustrating the decline and fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks in 1452 AD BLACK DEATH {WHI. 12 c} Pretend to be someone who lived in Europe right after the Black Death, and write a letter describing the conditions and reasons that made Europe susceptible to the plague and the beneficial results of the plague in economic and political terms.

12d} Interpret a flow chart detailing the preservation and spread of Arab and classical learning. RENAISSANCE {WHI. 13 a} History Alive! , Activity 1.2, The Renaissance.

Create a Venn diagram comparing / contrasting towns in the Middle Ages with towns during the Renaissance. 13 b} History Alive! Draw and annotate two staircases to graphically represent the decline of feudalism and the development of The Renaissance. Pretending that you are a member of the famous Medici family in Florence, write a letter to another family member in 1513 describing how you feel your family has been unjustly criticized for ruthlessness by detailing a defense of the Medicis specifically referencing Machiavelli's The Prince and including the positive accomplishments that are typical of Renaissance achievements. Write an essay explaining how Machiavelli believed rulers of states could best use and maintain their power and explain why you agree or disagree with Machiavelli. 13 c) Make a booklet featuring the best of The Renaissance art and literature along with at least four of The Renaissance artists and writers.

History Alive! , Activity 1.3, The Renaissance. Compare / contrast classical, medieval and Renaissance art, and analyze placards of seven art pieces determining which period each is from. 13d} Write a report highlighting the contribution to literature and how the contribution exemplifies the spirit of The Renaissance: a) Shakespeare b) Erasmus c) Castiglione d) Christine de Piz an e) Miquel de Cervantes f) Francois Rabelais.