2 Generic Drug Name example essay topic

1) Generic Drug Name: Indomethacin / indomethacin sodium trihydrate Trade Drug Name: Indocid P.D. A (CAN), Indocine, Indocin-SR, Novo-Methacin (CAN), Apo-Indomethacin (CAN), Indocid (CAN), Indocin I.V., Indotec (CAN), Novomethacin (CAN), Rhodacin (CAN). Drug Category / Classification: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) Drug Mechanism of Action: Anti-Inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities largely related to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis; exact mechnisms f action are not known. Indications for use: Oral, topical, suppositories. - Relief of signs and symptoms of moderate to severe rhumatoid arthritis and moderate to severe osteoarthritis, moderate to severe ankylosing spondylitis, acute painful shoulder (bursitis, tendinitis), acute gouty arthritis (not sustained-release form). -Unbalanced uses of oral form, : pharmacologic closure of persistent patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants; juvenile rhumatoid arthritis. -Unlabled use of topical eye drops: cystoid macular edema.

Most Common Adverse Effects: Headache, dizziness, somnolence, insomnia, rash, nausea, dyspepsia, GI pain, constipation, dyspenia. Less Common Adverse Effects: Fatigue, tiredness, dizziness, tinnitus, opthalmologic effects, pruritus, sweating, dry mucous membranes, stomatitis, diarrhea, vomiting, flatulence, dysuria, renal impairment, bleeding, platelet inhibition with higher doses, neutropenia, eosinophilia, leukopenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, granulocytopenia, aplastic anenia, decreased Hgb of Hct, bone marrow depression, mennorhagia, hemoptysis, pharyngitis, bronchospasm, rhinitis, peripheral edema. Drug Interactions to Note: Increased toxic effects of lithium; decreased diuretic effect with loop diuretics: bumetanide, furosemide, ethacrynic acid; potential decrease in antihypertensive effect of beta-adrenergic blocking agents, captopril, lisinopril, enalpril. Availability and mode of administration; Capsules - 25, 50 mg; SR capsules - 75 mg; oral suspension - 25 mg / 5 mL; suppositories - 50 mg; powder for injection - 1 mg. Usual Drug Dosage: Osteosrthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, : 25 mg PO bid or tid. If tolerated, increase dose by 25 or 50 mg increments if needed up to a total daily dose of 150-200 mg / day PO.

Half-life: 4.5 - 6 hours. Nursing Implications: -History: Oral and rectal preparations: allergy to indomethacin, salicyclates, or other NSAIDs; CV dysfunction, hypertension; peptic ulceration, GI bleeding; history of proctitis or rectal bleeding; impaired hepatic or renal function; pregnancy, ; labour, and delivery. IV preparations: proven or suspected infection; bleeding, thrombocytopenia, coagulation defects; necrotizing enterocolitis; renal impairment, local irritation if extravasalation occurs. -Physical: Skin colour, lesions; T; orientation, reflexes, ophthalmologic evaluation, audiometric evaluation, peripheral sensation; P, BP, edema; R, adventitious sounds; liver evaluation, bowel sounds; CBC, clotting times, urinalysis, renal and liver function testes, serum electrolytes, stool guaiac.

Interventions Oral and rectal preparations: Give drug with food or after meals if GI upset occurs; do not give sustained-release tablets for gouty arthritis; arrange for periodic opthalmologic examination during long-term therapy; discontinue drug if eye changes, symptoms of liver or renal dysfunction occur; institute mergency procedures if overdose occurs: gastric lavage, induction of emesis, support; test renal function between doses. If severe renal impairment is noted, do not give the next dose. Teaching Points Use the drug onlt as suggested; avoid overdose. Take the drug with food or after meals if GI upset occurs.

Do not exceed the prescribed dosage. These side effects may occur: nausea, GI upset, dyspepsia, (take drug with food); diarhea or constipation; drowsiness, dizziness, vertigo, insomnia (use caution if driving or operating dangerous machinery). Report sore throat, fever, rash, itching, weight gain, swelling in ankles or fingers, changes in vision, black tarry stools. Parents of infants receiving IV therapy for PDA will need support and encouragementand an explanation of the drug's action; this is best incorporated into the teaching about the disease. 2) Generic Drug Name: Glycerin (glycerol) Trade Drug Name: Colace Suppositories, Fleet Babylax, Osmoglyn, Sanisupp.

Drug Category / Classification: Osmotic diuretic, hyperosmolar laxative. Drug Mechanism of Action: Elevates the osmolarity of the glomerular filtrate, therby hindering the reabsorbtion of water and leading to a loss of water, sodium, and cholride; creates an osmotic gradient in the eye between plasma and ocular fluids, thereby reducing intraocular pressure; causes the local absorbtion of sodium in water in the stool, leading to a more liquid stool and local intestinal movement. Indications for use: -Glaucoma: To interrupt acute attacks, or when a temporary drop in intraocular pressure is required (Osmoglyn). -Prior to occular surgery performed under local anesthetic when a reduction in intraocular pressure is indicated (Osmoglyn).

-Temporary relief of constipation. Most Common Adverse Effects: Confusion, headache, syncope, nausea, vomitting. Less Common Adverse Effects: Disorientation, cardiac arrythmias, hyperosmolar nonketotic coma, severe dehydration, weight gain with continued use. Drug Interactions to Note: None noted.

Availability and mode of administration: Oral solution - 50% (0.6 mg / mL); liquid - 4 mL / applicator; suppositories. Usual Drug Dosage: Reduction of intraocular pressure: Osmoglyn: Given PO only: 1 - 2 g / kg, 1 hr - 90 min prior to surgery. Half-life: 2 - 3 hours. Nursing Implications: -History: Hypersensitivityto glycerin, hypervolemia, CHF, confused mental states, severe dehydration, elderly, sinility, diabetes, lactation, pregnancy. -Physical: Skin colour, edema; orientation, reflexes, muscle strength, pupillary reflexes; P, BP, perfusion; R, pattern, adventitious sounds, urinary output patterns; serum electrolytes, urinalysis. Interventions Give Osmoglyn orally only; not for injection.

Give laxative as follows: insert one suppository high in rectum, ans have patient retain 15 minutes; retal liquid - insert stem with tip pointing toward navel; squeeze unit until nearly all liquid is expelled, then remove. Monitor urinary output carefully. Monitor BP regularly. Teaching points Take laxative as follows: Insert one suppository high in rectum and retain 15 min; rectal liquid - insert stem with tip pointing toward navel; squeeze unit until nearly all liquid is expelled, then remove. These side effects may occur: increased urination, GI upset (small, frequent meals may help), dry mouth (sugarless lozenges to suck on may help), headache, blurred vision use caution when moving around; ask for assistance). Report severe headache, chest pain, confusion, rapid respirations, violent diarrhea.

3) Generic Drug Name: Metoclopramide Trade Drug Name: Apo-Metoclop (CAN), Maxeran (CAN), Maxolon, Nu-Metoclopramide (CAN), Octamide PFS, Reglan. Drug Category / Classification: GI stimulant, Antiemetic, Dopaminergic blocking agent. Drug Mechanism of Action: Stimulates motility of upper GI tract without stimulating gastric, biliary, or pancreatic secretions; appears to sensitize tissues to actions of acetylcholine; relaxes pyloric sphincter, which, when combined with effects of motility, accelerates gastric emptying and intestinal transit; little effect on gallbladder or colon motility; increases lower esophageal spincter pressure; has sedative properties; induces release of prolactin. Indications for use: -Relief of symptoms of acute and recurrent diabetic gastroparesis. -Short term therapy 94 - 12 weeks) for adults with symptomatic gastroesophagal reflux who fail to respond to conventional therapy. Most Common Adverse Effects: Restlessness, drowsiness, fatigue, lassitude, extrapyramidal reactions, parkinsonism-like reactions, nausea, diarrhea.

Less Common Adverse Effects: Insomnia, akathsia, dystonia, myoclonus, dizziness, anxiety, transient hypertension. Drug Interactions to Note: Decreased absorbtion of digoxin from the stomach. Increased toxic and immunosuppressive effects of cyclosporine. Availability and mode of administration; Tablets - 5, 10 mg; syrup - 5 mg / 5 mL; concentrated solution - 10 mg / mL; injection - 5 mg / mL. Usual Drug Dosage: Relief of symptoms of gastropaersis: 10 mg PO 30 min before each meal and hs for 2 - 8 weeks. If symptoms are severe, initiate therapy with IM or IV administration for up to 10 days until symptoms subside.

Half-life: 5 -6 hours. Nursing Implications: -History: Allergy to metochlopramide, GI hemmorhage, mechanical obstruction or perforation, phechromocytoma, epilepsy, lactation, previously detected breast cancer. -Psysical: Orientation, reflexes, affect; P, BP, bowel sounds, normal output; ECG. Interventions Monitor BP carefully during IV administration. Monitor for extrapyramidial reactions, and consult a physician if they occur. Monitor diabetic patients, arrange for alteration in insulin dose or timing if diabetic control is compromised by alterations in timing of food absorbtion.

Provide diphenhydramine injection on stanby in case extrapyramidal reactions occur (50 mg IM). Provide phentolamine on standby in case of hypertensive crisis (most likely to occur with undiagnosed phenchromocytroma). Teacing points Take this drug exactly as it is prescribed. Do not use alcohol, sleep remedies, sedatives; serious sedation could occur.

These side effects may occur: drowsiness, dizziness, (do not drive or perform other tasks that require alertness); restlessness, anxiety, depression, headache, insomnia (reversible), nausea, diarrhea. Report involuntary movement of the face, or limbs, severe depression, severe diarrhea. 4) Generic Drug Name: Acitominophen (N-Acetyl-P-Aminophenol) Trade Drug Name: Suppositories: Abenol (CAN), Acephen, Children's Feverall. Oral: Aceta, Apacet, Atasol (CAN), Genapap, Genebs, Liquipri, Mapap, Panadol, Tapanol, Tempra, Tylenol.

Drug Category / Classification: Antipyretic, Analgesic (non-narcotic). Drug Mechanism of Action: Antipyretic: reduces fever by acting directly on the hypothalamic heat-regulating centre to cause vasodilation and sweating, which helps dissipate heat. Analgesic: site and mechanism of action unclear. Indications for use: Analgesic-antipyretic in patients with aspirin allergy, hemostatic disturbances, bleeding diatheses, upper GI disease, gouty arthritis. Arthritis and rhumatic disorders involving musculoskeletal pain (but lacks clinically significant antirheumatic and anti-inflamatory effects). Common cold, flu, other viral and bacterial infections with pain and fever. unlabeled use: prophylactic for children recieving DPT vaccination to reduce the incidence of fever and pain.

Most Common Adverse Effects: None listed. Less Common Adverse Effects: Headache, chest pain, dyspnea, myocardial damage when doses of 5 - 8 g / day are ingested daily for several weeks or when doses of 4 g / day are ingested for one year. Jaundice, acute kidney failiure, renal tubular necrosis, methemoglobinemia - cyanosis; hemolytic anemia - hematuria, anuria; neutropenia, leukopenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia, ypoglycemia, rash, fever. Drug Interactions to Note: Increased toxity with long-term, excessive ethanol ingestion.

Increased hypoprothrombinemic effect of oral anticoagulants. Increased risk of hepatotoxicity and possible 1) Generic Drug Name: Indomethacin / indomethacin sodium trihydrate Trade Drug Name: Indocid P.D. A (CAN), Indocine, Indocin-SR, Novo-Methacin (CAN), Apo-Indomethacin (CAN), Indocid (CAN), Indocin I.V., Indotec (CAN), Novomethacin (CAN), Rhodacin (CAN). Half-life: 2 - 3 hours. Monitor BP regularly. Half-life: 5 -6 hours. Increased risk of hepatotoxicity and possible.