Acid Name example essay topic

Organic chemistry is the study of essentially all substances containing carbon. Organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons. The simplest hydrocarbons are the alkanes which contain only single covalent bonds. Methane is the simplest alkane. It is also the major component of natural gas. Methane contains only 1 carbon in the molecular formula and the structural formula.

There is ethane which is 2 carbons, propane that is 3, butane which is 4, pentane which is 5 and so on. There are also alkenes. Alkenes are hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon double covalent bonds, and last but not least there is the alkyne's which are hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon triple covalent bonds. They also have different names. Alkanes end with -ane. Alkenes end with -ene, and alkyne's end with -ye.

In organic chemistry there are also isomers, isomers are One of two or more compounds that have the same chemical formula but different arrangements of the atoms within the molecules and that may have different physical / chemical properties. For example, CH 3 OCH 3 and C 2 H 5 OH are isomers. They both have the same amount of carbon atoms but are arranged differently. Organic chemistry is used EVERYWHERE.

For example methane, which is a gas produced by flatulence, that gas is also found in marshes. An acid is a compound that produces hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. Therefore, the chemical formulas of acids are of the general form HX, where X is a monatomic or polyatomic ion. When the name of the anion ends in -ide, the acid name begins with the prefix hydro-. The stem of the anion has the suffix -ic and is followed by the word acid. Therefore, HCL is named hydrochloric acid.

When the anion name ends in -it, the acid name is the stem of the anion with the suffix -out, followed by the word acid. Thus H 2 SO 3 is named sulfurous acid. When the anion name ends in -ate, the acid name is the stem of the anion with the suffix -ic, followed by the word acid. Thus HNO 3 is named Nitric acid. A base is a compound that produced hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. Ionic compounds that are bases are named in the same way as any other ionic compound-the name of the cation followed by the name of the anion.

For example, NaOH a base used in making soap and detergents is called sodium hydroxide. We used many formulas in the topic of acids and bases. Some formulas were to find titration. Titration is the process of adding a known amount of solution of known concentration to determine the concentration of another solution. To use this formula you must know the molarity of H+, the molarity of OH-, the volume of the base, and the volume of the acid. Overall the whole formula is MAV A = MB VB where MA is the molarity of H+, MB is the molarity of OH-, VA is the volume of acid, and VB is the volume of base.

Acids and bases are used in a lot of places also, like soap or lemons. Shampoo is usually a pH of 7 and above which is basic. Lemons are a pH of 4 for example. Hydrochloric acid has a pH of 1 and you will probably severely burn your throat if you drink it. Nuclear Chemistry is a very interesting topic.

Nuclear chemistry means the study of chemistry dealing with radioactivity, nuclear processes and nuclear properties. Nuclear chemistry has to deal with a lot like radioisotopes. Radioisotopes are materials that produce radiation. These radioisotopes undergo a lot of changes. These changes are always accompanied by the emission of large amounts of energy. Unlike chemical reactions, nuclear reactions are not affected by changes in temperature, pressure or the presence of catalysts.

There are different types of radiation. The types are: alpha radiation, beta radiation and gamma radiation. The one with the most penetrating power is gamma radiation because it uses the lightest energy and therefore causes more damage to your body. Alpha radiation consists of helium nuclei that have been emitted from a radioactive source. These emitted particles contain two protons and two neutrons and have a double positive charge.

Beta radiation consists of fast-moving electrons formed by the decomposition of a neutron in an atom. The neutron decomposes into a proton, which remains in the nucleus, and an electron, which is released. Gamma radiation is high-energy electromagnetic radiation given off by a radioisotope. Gamma rays are often emitted along with alpha or beta radiation by the nuclei of disintegrating radioactive atoms. Nuclear chemistry is mostly used in nuclear warfare. Even though countries have not used nukes yet, they have many different nuclear weapons like nuclear bombs.