Agamemnon Over A Slight To Achilles Honor example essay topic

General Plot Summary of Homer's Iliad The Iliad is a lengthy poem of some 15,693 lines, divided into 24 books (cantos) and has as its theme the anger (men is) of the Greek hero Achilles, the greatest of the heroes to sail to Troy. In the tenth year of the war, Achilles quarrels with the leader of the expedition, Agamemnon, over a slight to Achilles' honor. In his anger, Achilles withdraws from the fighting and wins the aid of Zeus, the king of the gods, to see to it that the war turns against the Greeks. Eventually (Book 9) things begin to go so badly that Agamemnon sends a delegation to Achilles to offer him compensation and ask him to rejoin the fighting. In an effort to make good the slight to Achilles' honor, Agamemnon promises an immense amount of treasure, but Achilles still refuses to help the Greeks. In the anger of the moment, he declares that he will only fight once the Trojans attack his own ships: at that point, he feels, he will be able to rejoin the battle as a point of personal honor rather than as Agamemnon's hired lackey.

In the course of Book 12 (the center of the poem) the Trojans bring the war right up to the fortifications surrounding the Greek ships. Under the leadership of the heroic Hector, they manage to breach the Greek defenses and are soon in a position to destroy the Greek fleet. At this point, Achilles sees the weakness of his plan: should the Trojans destroy the fleet, the Greek forces would be placed in a vulnerable position and could potentially be wiped out. Unable to rejoin the battle himself without losing face, he is persuaded to allow his loyal friend Patroclus to join the battle, disguised in Achilles' armor, in order to win the Greeks some breathing room. Unfortunately, Patroclus gets caught up in the fighting and, contrary to Achilles' instructions, attempts to take the city of Troy himself, only to be killed by Hector with the aid of the pro-Trojan god Apollo (Book 16). At this point, Achilles falls into an inhuman rage: his former anger at Agamemnon and the Greeks is forgotten in his grief at the death of his friend and his desire to take revenge on Hector.

In his anger, Achilles slaughters Trojans by the dozens and in a heartless manner that indicates his own despair: not only has he allowed his friend to die; he now realizes that, in avenging Patroclus' death, he will be sealing his own fate, since his mother Thetis has told him that his own death is destined to follow soon upon that of Hector. Rather than winning glory by taking Troy, Achilles realizes that he is doomed to perish along with the men he is slaughtering, all as a result of his quarrel with Agamemnon. (At this point in the poem, the reader gets the sense that the humane qualities of the formerly noble Achilles have perished along with his friend.) Eventually (Book 22) Achilles and Hector meet and the latter is killed, prophesying Achilles' own death with his last words. Achilles holds elaborate funeral games for Patroclus (Book 23) but is still overwhelmed with anger, grief, and despair at the unexpected turn his fate has taken, and expresses this despair by continuing his excessive mourning of Patroclus' death and by mistreating the corpse of Hector, which he repeatedly drags around Patroclus' funeral mound. The poem concludes (Book 24) with the elderly Trojan king Priam, Hector's father, coming in person to Achilles' tent and begging for the return of his son's body for due burial.

Rather than killing Priam on the spot, as might have been expected, Achilles joins Priam in his grief: the elderly Trojan king, who has seen so many of his sons slaughtered and knows that both he himself and his city are doomed, finds common ground with the brilliant young Greek hero, who has lost his best friend and knows that he too soon will die. Thus the poem concludes with Achilles' anger having been assuaged, but not in the way the audience might have expected: where the initial focus was on concern for personal honor and social standing, the poem's conclusion reflects on the way in which suffering and grief bind the poem's human agents together in a manner that transcends their political and cultural differences.