Anorexia Nervosa And Eating Disorders example essay topic

The definition of beauty as found in "Websters New World Dictionary" is, "Beauty- 1. the quality of being pleasing, as in form, color, etc. 2. a thing with this quality. 3. good looks. 4. a very attractive person, fe autre, etc". The concepts of beauty were first described by the ancient greeks. The classical values pushed order and serenity. Greek philosophers Plato and Socrates were attempting to define beauty. They thought of objects or nature as being inherently beautiful: beauty is inside the object, "The beauty within an object is it's pure and ideal beauty". In our present time beauty no longer resides inside.

It in completely outlying. The road to become beauty is a long, hard and most importantly thin road. Being thin is the biggest emphasis on people today. In earlier times thin was not that in. Fuller figured women were the ideal picture of gorgeous.

Now you have to be a twig to be considered beautiful. Society keeps pushing the emphasis on being thin. Through magazines, ads to lose weight, hundreds of diets and phone numbers to aide in this fight against fat. They are being nothing but deleterious. Also in the magazines the skinny models who are the picture of perfect in their glamorous clothes and makeup. The tall thin legs and high cheek bones.

Television is also a major contributer to this obsession people have today with losing weight. Turn on the television and what is seen Youthful boney models and actors running around in barely anything to sell a can of soup. A Jenny Craig commercial to remind poeple of what a minority they are and how they must strive and pay her money so they can be perfect just like everyone else. Even driving, whether it be to work or a trip to the mall.

Giant billboards are a constant reminder of whats beautiful and whats not. It's a sick obsession and is taken way too seriously. To the point of death even. People feeling corpulent an are dying to be thin, literally. It all beings with youth. Adolescence is the most vulnerable point in anyones life.

This is where it all starts. Being a teenager is not easy and there are many pressures that they face daily. The feeling of being anomalous. Eating disorders can be very much about control, so if they feel like everything around them is out of control, they may develop one to gain a sense of control. It is important for families to raise the teenager to be proud of who they are and not place any importance on their appearance.

Fellow students at school are also part of the prolbem. One child has a faster metabolism than another. One is constantly reminded how much lower than he or she is just because they aren't as thin as some one else. Teens need to be able to express all types of emotions. They should be encouraged to do their best, but they should not be expected to be perfect.

They need to be encouraged to be themselves and to be proud of who they are, so that they will not give into the pressures from their peers to try and fit in. If they are happy with themselves and love who they are, they will be less likely to try and attain society's unattainable "ideal" body image, because they will accept their bodies just the way they are. For men, they want to be the big muscled, winsome male that is pursued in just about every commercial. Women many the skinny model look. The truth of the matter is a majority of people will never be what the ideal image of beauty is. They are not a moni rity as they are led to believe.

All the talk, advertisments and televisions repetition of this matter lead people to feel beneath others, it gives them a low self esteem and leaves them vulnerable. When this happens, eating disorders develop. People think that eating disorders are biz are and out of the ordianry in actuality there quite common. What by definition is an eating disorder An eating disorder is defined as eating for the wrong reason. Not because of hunger and feeding a body. It's eating out of anxiety, depression or just because.

Patients are usually surreptitious about the disorder. not wanting a lot of attention. The most well-known eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Those affected are mostly young women and girls. People with these eating disorders often have a psychological profile of low self-esteem and feelings of helplessness. They tend to blame their problems on their weight and consequently develop an overwhelming drive to lose weight. Eating disorders are devastating behavioral maladies brought on by a complex interplay of factors, which may include emotional and personality disorders, family pressures, and a culture in which there is an overabundance of food and an obsession with thinness.

Eating disorders are generally categorized as bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, and eating disorders not otherwise specified. These are not new disorders. Although anorexia nervosa was first defined as a medical problem in 1873, descriptions of self-starvation have been found in medieval writings. Anexoria nervosa is the disorder in which self starvation takes place. With this disorder at least fifteen percent to as much as sixty percent of the normal body weight is lost. Anorexia nervosa is the third most common chronic illness in adolescent women, and is estimated to occur in 0.5 percent to three percent of all teenagers.

Anorexia usually occurs in adolescence. However, over the past forty years, while, the incidence has been stable in teenagers it has increased in young adult women. There are many effects that come with anexoria. In women, menstrual periods stop. In men levels of sex hormones fall.

Young girls do not begin to menstruate at the appropriate age. Person denies the dangers of low weight and is terrified of becoming fat. They are terrified of gaining weight even though she or he is markedly underweight. Reports feeling fat even when very thin. In addition to the above, anorexia nervosa often includes a feeling of being disconsolate, irritability, withdrawal, and peculiar behaviors such as compulsive rituals, strange eating habits, and division of foods into "good / safe " and "bad / dangerous " categories. Most studies of individuals with eating disorders have been conducted using white middle-class females.

There is some indication, however, that African American girls and young women may be at particular risk for eating disorders because of poor body images caused by cultural attitudes that denigrate the physical characteristics of minorities. Living in economically developed nations on any continent appears to pose more of a risk for eating disorders than belonging to a particular ethnic group; symptoms remain strikingly similar across high-risk countries. Oddly enough, within developed countries there appears to be no difference in risk between the rich and the poor. Bulimia nervosa is the diet-binge-purge disorder. Bulimia, which is more common than anorexia, is characterized by cycles of bingeing and purging. Bulimia nervosa usually begins early in adolescence when young women attempt restrictive diets, fail, and react by binge eating.

In response to the binges, patients purge by vomiting or by taking laxatives, diet pills, or drugs to reduce fluids. Patients may also revert to severe dieting, which cycles back to bingeing if the patient does not go on to become anorexic. Eating binges prior to purging average about 1,000 calories, but intake during a binge can be as high as 20,000 or as low as 100 calories. Patients diagnosed with bulimia average about 14 episodes of binge-purging per week.

People with bulimia that does not progress to anorexia have a normal to high-normal body weight, but it may fluctuate by more than 10 pounds because of the binge-purge cycle. The person who binge eats feels out of control while eating. They vomit, misuse laxatives, exercise, or fasts to get rid of the calories. He or she diets when not bingeing, becomes hungry and binges again. Bulimics believe self-worth requires being thin.

May shoplift, be promiscuous, and abuse alcohol, drugs, and credit cards. their weight may be normal or near normal unless anorexia is also present. Like anorexia, bulimia can kill. Even though bulimics put up a cheerful front and seem very elan, they are often depressed, lonely, ashamed, and empty inside. Friends may describe them as competent and fun to be with, but underneath, where they hide their guilty secrets, they are hurting. Feeling unworthy, they have great difficulty talking about their feelings, which almost always include anxiety, depression, self-doubt, and deeply buried anger.

Eating disorders not otherwise specified (NOS) is a third category NOS was established to define eating disorders not specifically defined as anorexia and bulimia. This category includes binge eating without purging, infrequent binge-purge episodes (occurring less than twice a week or such behavior lasting less than three months), repeated chewing and spitting without swallowing large amounts of food, or normal weight in people who exhibit anorexic behavior. The effects of eating disorders are not just mental. Severe phsyical effects take place and slowly lead to death. Some of the many disorders are malnutrition, it is caused by under eating or overeating. The word malnutrition indicates deficiency for energy, protein and micronutrients (e.g. vitamin A, iodine and iron) either singularly or in combination.

It can cause severe health risks including, but not limited to, respiratory infections, kidney failure, blindness, heart attack and death. Dehydration is caused by the depletion or lack of intake of fluids in the body. Eating disorders most common symptoms include dizziness, weakness, or darkening of urine. Electrolyte Imbalances, electrolytes are essential to the production of the body's "natural electricity" that ensures healthy teeth, joints and bones, nerve and muscle impulses, kidneys and heart, blood sugar levels and the delivery of oxygen to the cells. Lanugo (soft downy hair on face, back and arms). This is caused due to a protective mechanism built in to the body to help keep a person warm during periods of starvation and malnutrition, and the hormonal imbalances that result.

Edema is the swelling of the soft tissues as a result of excess water accumulation. It is most common in the legs and feet of compulsive over eaters and in the abdominal area of anorexics and Bulimics it can also be caused by laxative and diuretic use. Muscle Atrophy is the wasting away of muscle and decrease in muscle mass due to the body feeding off of itself. Impaired Neuromuscular function is due to vitamin and mineral deficiencies (specifically potassium), and malnutrition. CAn also suffer from insomnia which is having problems falling and / or staying asleep. Another symptom is chronic fatigue syndrome it's the continuous and crippling fatigue related to a weakened immune system.

Hyperactivity, manic bought's of not being able to sit still. Swelling in the face and cheeks (following self-induced vomitting). Callused or bruised fingers, this is caused by repeated using the fingers to induce vomitting. Tearing of the esophagus is also caused by self-induced vomitting. a tear of the gastroesophageal junction can occur.

Spontaneous stomach erosion, perforation or rupture. Acid reflux disorders, partially digested items in the stomach, mixed with acid and enzymes, regurgitates back into the esophagus. This can lead to damage to the esophagus, larynx and lungs and increases the chances of developing cancer of the esophagus and voice box. Reflux can sometimes become severe enough that food cannot be kept down at all. Cancer of the esophagus, throat and voice box (Larynx) due to acid reflux disorders. Dry skin and hair, brittle hair and nails, hair loss all these are caused by vitamin and mineral deficiencies, low blood pressure, hypotension (more common in those with Anorexia and / or Bulimia) caused by lowered body temperature.

Can cause heart arrhythmias, shock or myocardial infarction. Hypotension - sudden drop in blood pressure upon sitting up or standing. Symptoms include dizziness, blurred vision, passing out, heart pounding and headaches. Hypertension (more common in those with Compulsive Overeating and / or Binge Eating Disorder) elevated blood pressure exceeding 140 over 90. Can cause: blood ves sle changes in the back of the eye creating vision impairment; abnormal thickening of the heart muscle, kidney failure, and brain damage. Low platelet count or thrombocytopenia is caused by low levels of vitamin B 12.

Disruptions in Blood Sugar Levels - Low Blood Sugar / Hypoglycemia can indicate problems with the liver or kidneys and can lead to neurological and mental deterioration. Diabetes can also produce high blood sugar as a result of low production of insulin. This can be caused by hormonal imbalances, hyperglycemia, or chronic pancreatitis. Iron Deficiency, Anemia, this makes the oxygen transporting units within the blood useless and can lead to fatigue, shortness of breath, increased infections, and heart palpitations. Kidney infection and failure - your kidneys "clean" the poisons from your body, regulate acid concentration and maintain water balance.

Thinning of the bones, which is known as Osteoporosis, with reduction in bone mass due to depletion of calcium and bone protein, predisposing to fractures. Osteopenia is having below normal bone mass indicating a calcium and / or vitamin D deficiency and leading to Osteoporosis. Hormone imbalance or deficiencies associated with the loss of the menstrual cycle can also increase your risks of Osteoporosis and Osteopenia. Amenorrhea, the loss of menstrual cycle (due to lack of secreting hormone, Oestrogen, by the ovaries). Easily bruising skin due to vitamin deficiencies that decrease the body's ability to heal itself, low blood pressure and extreme weight loss will all lead to easily bruised skin that can take a long time to heal.

Dental problems, decalcification of teeth, erosion of tooth enamel, severe decay, gum disease will be caused by stomach acids and enzymes from vomitting. Can also be due to the lack of exercise the teeth can get from the process of eating certain foods. There are many factors associated with having an eating disorder that can lead to heart problems or a heart attack. Sudden cardiac arrest can cause permanent damage to the heart, or instant death. The many different personalities that go along with the different types of eating disorders vary. Personality disorders linked to eating disorders are specific personality disorders.

There is an avoidant personality in anorexia and a borderline personality in bulimia narcissism is found in both. It should be noted that all these traits may be found in either eating disorder. One study indicated that women with both eating disorders tended to be less optimistic, to worry more, and to deny negative issues when solving problems than were women without eating disorders. In general, women with eating disorders had a much more difficult time dealing with stress than other women.

Studies indicate that as many as a third of anorexia restrict ors have avoidant personalities, they tend to be perfectionists and are emotionally and sexually inhibited. They also often have less of a fantasy life than people with bulimia or without eating disorders. They rarely rebel and are usually perceived as always being "good". They are terrified of being ridiculed and feeling humiliated. Achieving perfection, with all that involves, is the only way to achieve love, this means becoming trouble-free and demanding nothing (including food).

Part of this need for perfection is an ideal image of thinness that can never be achieved. People with anorexia are extremely sensitive to failure, and any criticism, no matter how slight, reinforces their own belief that they are "no good". Because love is never obtained through attempts to be perfect, a sense of failure is inevitable. patients are described as having a total lack of self. Studies indicate that almost fourth percent of people who have bulimia were borderline personalities. Such people tend to have unstable moods, thought patterns, behavior, and self-images.

They cannot stand to be alone, they demand constant attention, and they have difficulty controlling impulsive behavior. People with borderline personalities have been described as causing chaos around them by using emotional weapons such as temper tantrums, suicide threats, and hypochondria. They idealize people and are often disappointed and rejected. Some research has suggested that the severity of this personality disorder predicts difficulty in treating bulimia and might be more important than the presence of psychological problems, such as depression. Studies have also found that people with bulimia have a high rate of narcissism, a personality disorder marked by an inability to soothe oneself or to empathize with others, by a need for admiration, and by hypersensitivity to criticism or defeat. Even the people who are already considered very attractive have prolbems.

Strongly competitive athletes are often perfectionists, a trait common among people with eating disorders. Women in "appearance" sports, including gymnastics and figure skating, and in endurance sports, such as track and cross-country are at particular risk for anorexia. Success in ballet also depends on the development of a wiry and extremely slim body. Estimates for episodes of eating disorders among such athletes and performers range from fifteen to sixty percent. Male wrestlers and light-weight rowers are also at risk for excessive dieting. One-third of high school wrestlers use a method called weight-cutting for rapid weight loss; this process involves food restriction and fluid depletion using steam rooms, saunas, laxatives, and diuretics.

Although male athletes are more apt to resume normal eating patterns once competition ends, studies are showing that the body fat levels of many wrestlers are still well below their peers during off-season and are often as low as three percent during wrestling season. One study of girls without eating disorders reported that before puberty, girls ate quantities of food appropriate to their body weight, were satisfied with their bodies, and depression increased with lower food intake. After puberty, girls ate about three-quarters of the recommended calorie intake, had a poorer body self-image, and depression increased with higher food intake. New research suggests that girls as young as ten years old associate being teased or socially victimized by peers with being ugly or fat regardless of their actual physical characteristics. Such poor body images can often lead to eating disorders. It is not surprising, then, that there is a greater risk for bulimia and other emotional disorders in girls who undergo early puberty, when the pressures experienced by all adolescents are intensified further by anxiety-provoking attention on their early changing bodies.

Models and sports athlete being adulation ed, making people feel worse about themselves and more vulernable. Our society today has gone astray from the thinking of Socrates and Plato. Beauty is only skin deep, and pernicious steps are being taken to a chive this. The majority youth. Teens and children are being taught that beauty is all and thin is beauty. They are develpoing ailments that are harmful and eventually fatal..