Birth Of An Aircraft Industry In Indonesia example essay topic

EVOLUTION AND HISTORY OF THE INDONESIAN AVIATION INDUSTRY I. INTRODUCTION The aircraft is a means of transportation which has a very important meaning for economic and defense development, especially realizing that Indonesia being an island-state with a geographical condition which is difficult to penetrate without adequate means of transportation. From the above mentioned condition, comes the thought that as an island-state Indonesia is in the position to have maritime and aviation industries. This has led to the birth of an aircraft industry in Indonesia. II. NATIONAL EFFORTS OF AIRCRAFT BUILDING A. PRE-INDONESIAN INDEPENDENCE Since mythology of Indonesians puppetry developed in the cultural life of the Indonesians and the figure of Gatotkaca became a legendary figure as the 'flying hero', the desire of the Indonesians to have the ability to fly had ever since urged motivated. In 1937, eight years prior to the Indonesian Independence, due to the request of a local businessman, some Indonesian youths, led by Toss in built an aircraft at a workshop located in Jl.

Pasirkaliki, Bandung. They named the aircraft PK. KH. This aircraft had once surprised the then aviation world due to its ability to fly to the Netherlands and the mainland of Chine vice versa. Prior to this, around the 1922, the Indonesian had even been involved in the modification of an aircraft at a private house in Jl. Cikapundung, Bandung. B. INDEPENDENCE ERA Soon after the Indonesian Independence was proclaimed in 1945, the chance for the Indonesians to realize their dream to build aircraft of their own plan and need was widely open.

In 1946, the Planning & Construction Bureau was founded at the TRI-Udara or Indonesian Air Force (now called TNI-AU). Out of simple materials a number of Z ogling, NW-1 light aircraft (pesawat laying) were made. The making of these, the aircraft were utilized for developing the aviation interest among the Indonesians and at the same time introducing the aviation world to pilot candidates who were prepared to follow aviation training in India. Then in 1948 they succeeded in making the first engine-aircraft, powered by Harley Davidson engine, called WEL-X. Designed by Wiweko Su pono the aircraft was then known as RI-X. This era was marked by the emergence of a number of aero modelling clubs which led to the birth of our aviation technology pioneer called Nurtanio Pringgoadisuryo.

But they had had to stop this activity due to the communist Madi un Rebellion and the Dutch aggression. On April, 24, 1957, by the virtue of the Head of Staff of Indonesian Air Force Decree No. 68, the Seks i Percobaan was enhanced into a bigger organization called Sub Depot Penyelidikan, Percobaan & Pembuatan. In the following year, 1958, the prototype of the basic trainer "Belalang 89" was successfully flown. As serial production the aircraft was called Belalang 90 and it was made in 5 units, and they were utilized top train pilot candidates at Akademi Angkatan Udara & Pus at Penerbangan Angkatan Dar at (Academy of Air Force & Center of Army Aviation) In the same year, the sport aircraft "Kuang 25" was flown. The philosophy of this aircraft was to motivate the Indonesia's young generation who were interested in the area of aircraft making. To enhance their aeronautical background, during period 1960's - 1964, Nurtanio and three other colleauge were sent to Far Eastern Air Transport Incorporated (FEAT I) Philippines, one of the first aeronautical university in Asia.

After completing their study, they return to Bandung to work for LAPIP.. EFFORTS TO ESTABLISH AN AIRCRAFT INDUSTRY In line with the already obtained achievements and in order to enable it to develop faster, by virtue of the Head of Staff of Indonesian Air Force Decree No 488, August, 1960, the Lembaga Persia pan Industri Penerbangan (LAPIP) or the Body for Preparation of Aviation Industry was therefore established. Inaugurated on December 16, 1961, the body had the function of preparing the establishment of an aviation industry with the ability to support national aviation activities in Indonesia. Relating to this, in 1961 LAPIP signed a cooperation agreement with CE KOP, a Polish aircraft industry, to build an aircraft industry in Indonesia. The contract covered the building of an aircraft manufacturing facility, H R training and producing, under license, the PL-104 Wilma, which was later known as Gelatin (rice bird).

The aircraft which was serially produced in 44 units was utilized to support agricultural activities, light transport and aero-club. At almost the same period, 1965, through a Presidencial Decree, KOPELAPIP (Ko mando Pelaksana Industri Pesawat Terbang) or Executive Command for Preparation of Aviation Industry and PN. Industri Pesawat Terbang Berdikari (Berdikari Aircraft Industry) were founded. In March 1966, Nurtanio died while flight testing an aircraft, and in order to commemorate his valuable contribution to his country and nation, the KOPELAPIP and PN.

Industri Pesawat Terbang Berdikari was then merged into LIPNUR / Lembaga Industri Penerbangan Nurtanio or Nurtanio Aviation Industrial Institution. In its further development LIPNUR produced a basic trainer aircraft called LT-200 and built workshops for after-sales-services, maintenance and repair & overhauls. In 1962, based in a Presidencial Decree, the Teknik Penerbangan ITB (ITB Aviation Technique Section) was established as part of the available Machine Department. Oetarjo Dir an and Lies Keng Kie were pioneers of this aviation section. These two figures were among those included in the Overseas Student Scholarship Programme. Initiated in 1958, through this programme, a number of Indonesian students were sent abroad (Europe and the United States).

In the meantime some other efforts in pioneering the establishment of an aircraft industry had also been continuously carried out by an Indonesian youth - B.J. Habibie - from 1964 to the 1970's. IV. ESTABLISHMENT OF INDONESIAN AVIATION INDUSTRY A. PIONEERING PERIOD It all initiated with Bacharuddin Jus uf Habibie, a man who was born in Pare-pare, South Sulawesi (Celebes), on June 25, 1936. He was graduated from Aachen Technical High Learning, Aircraft Construction Department, and later worked at MBB (Messerschmitt Bol kow Bloom), an aircraft industry in Germany since 1965.

Realizing that the efforts of establishing an aircraft industry would not be possibly done by him alone, Habibie made up his mind to start pioneering to prepare high-skilled manpower that at the appointed time could any time be employed by the future aircraft industry in Indonesia. Soon Habibie set up a voluntarily team. And in early 1970 the team was sent to Germany to start working and studying science and technology in the aviation field at HUB / MBB, where Habibie worked, to carry out their initial planning. At the same period, similar activity was also pioneered by Pertamina (Indonesian Oil Company) in its capacity as Indonesian development agent. With such a capacity Pertamina succeeded in establishing the Krakatau Steel Industry.

Ibnu Sutowo, the then Pertamina President contributed his thought that transfer technology process from developed countries should be carried out with a clear concept and national-oriented. In early December 1973, Ibnu Sutowo met with Habibie in Dusseldorf, Germany, in which he gave an elaborate explanation to Habibie concerning the Indonesian Development, Pertamina with the dream of founding an aircraft industry in Indonesia. The result of the meeting was the appointment of Habibie as Advisor to Pertamina President, and he was requested to immediately return to Indonesia. In Early January 1974, a decisive step towards the establishment of the aircraft industry had been taken.

The first realization was the establishment a new division which specialized in advanced technology and aviation technology affairs. Two months after the Dusseldorf meeting, on January 26, 1974 Habibie was called by President Soeharto. At the meeting Habibie was appointed as Advisor to President in the area of technology. This was the first day for Habibie to start his official mission.

These meetings resulted in the birth of the ATTP (Advanced Technology & Teknologi Penerbangan Pertamina) Division which became the milestone for the establishment of B PPT and part of that of IPTN. In September 1974, ATTP signed the basic agreement for license cooperation with MBB, Germany and CASA, Spain for the production of the BO-105 helicopter and the NC-212 fixed wing aircraft. B. THE FOUNDING On April 26, 1976, based on the Notary Act No. 15, in Jakarta, the PT. Industri Pesawat Terbang Nurtanio was officially established with Dr. BJ. Habibie as its President Director.

When the physical facilities of this industry was completed, on August 1976 President Soeharto inaugurated this aircraft industry. On October 11, 1985, PT. Industri Pesawat Terbang Nurtanio was removed to the PT. Industri Pesawat Terbang Nus antara or IPTN. It was from this point that the new firmament of the growth of a modern and complete aircraft industry in Indonesia had just begun. And it was in this period that all aspects of infrastructure, facilities, human resources, law and regulations, and those relating and supporting the existence of the aircraft industry was integrate ly organized.

Previously, In the 1960's and 1970's this had never been seriously thought of. Apart from that, the industry developed a progressive technology and industrial transformation concept which turned out to give optimal results in the efforts of mastering the aviation technology in a relatively short period of time, 20 years. IPTN has the view that the technology transfer should be implemented integrally and completely and covers hardware, software and brain ware of which the human being is the nucleus. That is the human being who has hard willingness, capability and standpoint in science, theory and expertise to implement them in the concrete work.

Based on this IPTN has applied a technology transfer philosophy called "Begin at the End and End at the Beginning". It is the philosophy to absorb advanced technology progressively and gradually in an integral process and based on Indonesia's objective needs. Through this philosophy was then thoroughly mastered, not merely materially but also the capability and expertise. This philosophy is also adaptable to any development and progress achieved by other countries. C. NEW PARADIGM, NEW NAME During the last 24 years of its establishment, IPTN had been successfully capable of transferring sophisticated and latest aviation technology, mostly from Western Hemisphere, to Indonesians.

IPTN has, especially, mastered in aircraft design, development, and manufacturing small to medium regional commuter. It is in this relation that the name IPTN had been changed into PT. DIRGANTARA INDONESIA or Indonesian Aerospace abbreviated IAe which was officially inaugurated by the President of the Republic of Indonesia, KH. Abdur rahman Wahid, in Bandung on August 24, 2000. PT.

Dirgantara Indonesia (Indonesian Aerospace / IAe) is one of the indigenous aerospace company in Asia with core competence in aircraft design, development and manufacturing of civilian and military regional commuter aircraft. The new structure comprises: nine strategic business units, six profit centers, four resources center, six subsidiary and corporate function; which allows better responsiveness to customers, partners, and also more openness to business cooperation with other companies. Being established since 1976, Dirgantara Indonesia has gained state-of-the-art technology through a systematic approach to become an airplane integrator, capable of meeting international standards. The current number of employees counts for 9.300. EVOLUTION AND HISTORY OF THE INDONESIAN AVIATION INDUSTRY.