Cabeza De Vaca example essay topic

ALBUQUERQUE, AFONSO DE Afonso de Albuquerque (14?? -1515) was a Portuguese soldier and explorer who sailed to the Spice Islands (the Moluccas, a group of Islands in Indonesia) in 1507-1511, trying to monopolize trade with this area; from Europe, he sailed around Africa to the Indian Ocean. He was appointed the Viceroy of India by King Emmanuel in 1509. He forcibly destroyed the Indian city of Calicut in January, 1510, and took Goa (in southern India) in March, 1510, claiming Goa for Portugal. AYLLON, LUCAS VAZQUEZ DE Lucas V' de Ayll " on (1475-1526) was a Spanish conquistador and explorer who tried to start a colony in North America in 1526.

He was the first European colonizer of what is now South Carolina. His attempt to settle the coast of the Carolinas (near the mouth of the Peedee River at Winyah Bay) was unsuccessful. BALBOA, VASCO NUNEZ DE Vasco Nunez de Balboa (1475-1519) was a Spanish conquistador and explorer. He was the first European to see the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean (in 1513), after crossing the Isthmus of Panama overland. CABEZA DE VACA, ALVAR NUNEZ Alvar Nu~nez Cabeza de Vaca [Cabeza de Vaca means 'head of a cow'] (1490? -1557?) was a Spanish explorer who sailed to North America from Spain, leaving in 1527.

He traveled from Florida to Texas on a raft, then walked from Texas to Mexico City. He also explored the Paraguay River in South America. De Vaca and his fellow travelers were the first Europeans to see the bison, or American buffalo. CABRAL, PEDRO ALVARES Pedro 'Alvares Cabral (1467-1520) was a Portuguese nobleman, explorer, and navigator who was the first European to see Brazil (on April 22, 1500). His patron was King Manuel I of Portugal, who sent him on an expedition to India. Cabral's 13 ships left on March 9, 1500, following the route of Vasco da Gama.

On April 22, 1500, he sighted land (Brazil), claiming it for Portugal and naming it the 'Island of the True Cross. ' King Manuel renamed this land Holy Cross; it was later renamed once again, to Brazil, after a kind of dyewood found there, called pau-brasil. Cabral stayed in Brazil for 10 days and then continued on his way to India, in a trip fraught with shipwrecks (at the Cape of Good Hope), and fighting (with Muslim traders in India). After trading for spices in India, Cabral returned to Portugal on June 23, 1501, with only four of the original 13 ships. CABOT, SEBASTIAN Sebastian Cabot (1474? -1557?) was an explorer, mapmaker and navigator of Italian descent.

He worked as a cartographer (mapmaker) for England's King Henry V, was a captain for Spain's King Ferdinand V, explored for England's King Henry VII, and may have secretly explored for Venice. Sebastian Cabot's father was the explorer John Cabot. Cabot searched for the Northwest passage across North America (1508). He began an unsuccessful trip around the world (1526-1529) in a voyage that supposed to sail to China and the Moluccas (the Spice Islands, in Indonesia), but he only made it as far as the enormous mouth of the Rio de la Plata (a river between Argentina and Uruguay in South America). Later, he began to work for the English again, searching for a water passage across the north of Asia around 1553. CABRILLO, JUAN RODRIGUEZ Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo (?

-1543) was a Spanish or Portuguese explorer (his nationality is uncertain). Cabrillo was the first European explorer of the Californian coast. In 1542, he sailed from Acapulco to southern California, claiming California for King Charles I of Spain. Cabrillo named San Diego Bay and Santa Barbara. He died on San Miguel Island (in the Santa Barbara Channel) after a fight with Indians, from complications resulting from a broken leg. CARTIER, JACQUES Jacques Cartier (1491-1557) was a French explorer who led three expeditions to Canada, in 1534, 1535, and 1541.

He was looking for a route to the Pacific through North America (a Northwest Passage) but did not find one. Cartier paved the way for French exploration of North America. Cartier sailed inland, going 1,000 miles up the St. Lawrence River. He also tried to start a settlement in Quebec (in 1541), but it was abandoned after a terribly cold winter.

Cartier named Canada; 'Kanata' means village or settlement in the Huron-Iroquois language. Cartier was given directions by Huron-Iroquois Indians for the route to 'kana ta,' a village near what is now Quebec, but Cartier later named the entire region Canada. CASTILLO, BERNAL DIAZ DEL Bernal Diaz del Castillo, also known as Bernal Diaz, (1492-1584) was a Spanish historian and soldier who chronicled the Spanish conquest of Mexico. In 1514, he went to America as a soldier, with Pedrarias D'avila, the new governor of Darien. In 1517, he sailed to the Yucatan peninsula of Mexico, with Francisco de C'ordo ba's expedition. He returned to Mexico in 1518 with Grijalva, and in 1519, with Hernando Cort " es.

This last expedition entailed over 100 battles, including the surrender of Mexico City (in 1521). As a reward for his service, he was appointed governor of Santiago de los Caballeros in Guatemala. Bernal Diaz del Castillo published 'Verdadera Historia de la Conquista de Nueva Espa~na', (True History of the Conquest of New Spain) in 1568. COLUMBUS, CHRISTOPHER Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) was an Italian explorer who sailed across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492, hoping to find a route to India (in order to trade for spices).

He made a total of four trips to the Caribbean and South America during the years 1492-1504, sailing for King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella of Spain. On his first trip, Columbus led an expedition with three ships, the Ni~na, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. CORDOBA, FRANCISCO FERNANDEZ DEFrancisco Fern " and ez de C'ordo ba (? - 1524) was a Spanish explorer and slave trader who explored Mexico (1517) and Nicaragua (1524).

For more information on, Cordoba, click here. CORONADO, FRANCISCO VASQUEZ DEFrancisco V' de Coronado (1510-1554) was a Spanish ruler, explorer and conquistador. He was the first European to explore North America's Southwest. CORTE REAL, GASPAR Gaspar Corte Real (1450? -1501?) was a Portuguese explorer who sailed to Greenland in 1500, and perhaps also reached the coast of North America (Newfoundland). Gaspar was lost at sea about 1501, and his brother Manuel died trying to find him.

For more information on Corte Real, click here. CORTES, HERNAN Hern " an Cort " es (also spelled Cortez), Marque " es Del Valle De Oaxaca (1485-1547) was a Spanish adventurer and conquistador (he was also a failed law student) who overthrew the Aztec empire and claimed Mexico for Spain (1519-21). Cortes sailed with 11 ships from Cuba to the Yucatan Peninsula to look for gold, silver, and other treasures. Hearing rumors of great riches, Cort " es traveled inland and 'discovered' Tenochtitlan, the capital of the Aztec empire. He then brutally killed the Aztec emperor Montezuma and conquered his Aztec Empire of Mexico, claiming all of Mexico for Spain in 1521. Treasures from the Aztecs were brought to Spain, and Cort " es was a hero in his homeland.

Cort " es was appointed governor of the colony of New Spain, but eventually fell out of favor with the royals. He then returned to Spain where he died a few years later. DA GAMA, VASCO Vasco da Gama (1460-1524) was a Portuguese explorer who discovered an ocean route from Portugal to the East. Da Gama sailed from Lisbon, Portugal, around Africa's Cape of Good Hope, to India (and back) in 1497-1499.

At that time, many people thought that this was impossible to do because it was assumed that the Indian Ocean was not connected to any other seas. Da Gama's patron was King Manuel I of Portugal, who sent da Gama, then an Admiral, on another expedition to India (1502-1503). After King Manuel's death, King John sent da Gama to India as a Portuguese viceroy (the King's representative in India). Da Gama died in India in 1524. DE ALBUQUERQUE, AFONSO Afonso de Albuquerque (14?? DE AYLLON, LUCAS VAZQUEZ Lucas V' de Ayll " on (1475-1526) was a Spanish conquistador and explorer who tried to start a colony in North America in 1526.

DE LEON, PONCE Juan Ponce de Leon (1460? -1521) was a Spanish explorer and soldier who was the first European to set foot in Florida. He also established the oldest European settlement in Puerto Rico and discovered the Gulf Stream (a current in the Atlantic Ocean). Ponce de Leon was searching for the legendary fountain of youth and other riches. DE NARVAEZ, PANFILOPanfilo de Narvaez (1470?

-1528) was a Spanish explorer and soldier. He helped conquer Cuba in 1511 and led a Spanish royal expedition to North America (leaving Spain in 1527). He was born in Valladolid, Spain and died on his expedition to Florida. De Narvaez was granted the land of Florida by the Emperor Charles V in 1526.

He led an expedition there with 300 men, including Cabeza de Vaca. After surviving a hurricane near Cuba, his expedition landed on the west coast of Florida (near Tampa Bay) in April, 1528, claiming the land for Spain. DE NIZA, MARCOS Fray Marcos de Niza (1495 - March 25, 1558) was a Franciscan priest who is said to have traveled to the fabled 'Seven Golden Cities of Cibola' in what is now the western part of New Mexico. De Niza was born in Savoy (now in France, but it was Italian then), and became a Franciscan friar. He sailed to the Americas in 1531, and traveled to Peru, Guatemala, and Mexico.

He freed some Native American slaves at Celiac " an, Mexico. He and the Moorish slave Estevanico were sent from Mexico City to find Cibola by the Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza (March to August 1539). De Niza reported that he and Estevanico saw the extraordinarily rich 'Seven Golden Cities of Cibola,' but they were later found to be simple Zuni Indian pueblos. Estevanico was killed by Zuni Indians during this expedition. De Niza survived and eventually was in charge of his Franciscan order (1541). DE PINEDA, ALONSO ALVAREZ Alonso Alvarez de Pineda was a Spanish explorer and map-maker.

De Pineda sailed for the Spanish Governor of Jamaica, Francisco de Gray, who sent him to explore and chart the Gulf Coast from Florida to Mexico in 1519. Captain De Pineda and his crew were probably the first Europeans in Texas, claiming it for Spain. One of the regions he explored and mapped was the area around Corpus Christi Bay; De Pineda entered Corpus Christi Bay on the feast day of Corpus Christi, hence the name. DE SOTO, HERNANDO Hernando De Soto (1500?

-1542) was a Spanish explorer who sailed the Atlantic Ocean and was the first European to explore Florida and the southeastern US. DE URDANETA, ANDRES Andres de Urdaneta (1508-1568) was a Spanish explorer who accompanied Garcia Jofre de Loaysa on the second sailing expedition around the world when he was 17 years old. On this 1525 trip, only one ship of the original seven survived. Urdaneta found a sailing route from the Phillipines to Mexico in 1565. This route was extensively used by the Manila galleons until 1821, when the Spanish rule in Mexico ended. DE VACA, ALVAR NUNEZ CABEZA Alvar Nu~nez Cabeza de Vaca [Cabeza de Vaca means 'head of a cow'] (1490?

DIAS, BARTOLOMEU Bartolomeu Dias (1457-1500) was a great Portuguese navigator and explorer who explored Africa's coast. In 1488, Dias led the first European expedition to sail around Arfica's Cape of Good Hope, leaving Tagus, Portugal in 1487. This breakthrough of circumnavigating the Cape of Good Hope opened up lucrative trading routes from Europe to Asia. Dias may have originally called the southern tip of Africa the 'Cape of Storms'; it was later renamed the Cape of Good Hope. On a later expedition (in 1500, with Pedro 'Alvares Cabral), Dias sailed near South America on the way to Africa, and spotted land at Esp " ir ito Santo in Brazil, calling it the 'Land of the True Cross.

' Although they thought it to be an island, Dias was still among the first Europeans to see Brazil. Dias died during this expedition; he was lost at sea near near the Camp of Good Hope in 1500. DIAS, DIOGO Diogo Dias was a Portuguese navigator (and brother of Bartolomeu Dias) who was the first European to sail to Madagascar, an island off the southeastern coast of Africa. Diogo Dias landed in Madagascar in 1500, and named it the Isle of St. Lawrence.

His ship had been on an expedition with Pedro 'Alvares Cabral and Bartolomeu Dias, but Diogo Dias's hip became separated from the others at the Cape of Good Hope, and then came upon Madagascar. He then returned to Portugal. DIAZ, BERNAL Bernal Diaz del Castillo, also known as Bernal Diaz, (1492-1584) was a Spanish historian and soldier who chronicled the Spanish conquest of Mexico. ESTEVANICO Estevanico (pronounced es-try-van-EE-co), also called Estevan, Esteban, Estevanico, Black Stephen, and Stephen the Moor (1500? -1539) was a Muslim slave from northern Africa (Azam or, Morocco) who was one of the early explorers of the Southwestern United States. NARVAEZ, PAN FILO DEPanfilo de Narvaez (1470?

MAGELLAN, FERDINAND Ferdinand Magellan (1480-1521) was a Portuguese explorer who led the first expedition that sailed around the Earth (1519-1522). Magellan also named the Pacific Ocean (the name means that it is a calm, peaceful ocean). For more on Magellan, click here. PINZON, VINCENTE Vincente Y'a~nez Pinzon (1460? - 1523?) was a Spanish explorer and navigator who sailed with Christopher Columbus on his first voyage to the New World, as captain of the Ni~na.

His older brother, Martin Pinzon, was captain of the Pinta and the co-owner of both the Nina and the Pinta. In 1499, Vincente Pinzon sailed to the Brazilian coast (at a cape he named Santa Mar " ia de la Consol aci " on). From there, he sailed northwest to the Amazon River, whose mouth he explored. He sailed north to northeastern Venezuela (to the Gulf of Pari a) and then returned to Spain. In 1508, he sailed to the New World twice with Juan D'i az de Sol " is, trying to find a a passage to the Spice Islands. They sailed to Central America, but the exact locations of these explorations are unknown (they either sailed to Honduras and the Yu cat " an peninsula or to Venezuela and Brazil).

PIZARRO, FRANCISCO Francisco Pizarro (1478-1541) was a Spanish conquistador who traveled through much of the Pacific coast of America along Peru. He 'discovered' the Incan empire and conquered it brutally and quickly, stealing immense hoards of gold, silver, and other treasures. URDANETA, ANDRES DE Andres de Urdaneta (1508-1568) was a Spanish explorer who accompanied Garcia Jofre de Loaysa on the second sailing expedition around the world when he was 17 years old. VACA, ALVAR NUNEZ CABEZA DE Alvar Nu~nez Cabeza de Vaca [Cabeza de Vaca means 'head of a cow'] (1490?