Cells 3 Cells example essay topic

A Controlled experment allows a researcher to isolate and test a single viable A kilogram is approx. equal to 2.2 pounds A meter is a little longer than a yard An astronaut would expect her weight to be different on the moon A milliliter is equal to cc, ml, cubic centimeter A meter Contains 100 cm. The weight of an object is the measure of the pull of gravity 0-100 is freezing to boiling on the celsus scale Living orginsims produce new orginsims of the same species by reproduction All living orginsims must obtain and use energy The ability to react to something in the enviroment is called irritability The metric system is based ot scaled on the powers of 10 Recorded observations are called data The ability to reproduce your results is an important part of science. The first step to the scientific method is to observe the problem Sexual reproduction is n essary because it provides for verity in the offspring The amount of matter in a substance determines its mass Scientists measure temp. in degrees Celsius The basic unit of liquid volume in metric is the liter The unit measure for length is the meter The information that you can see, hear, or smell in an experment is called data Biology is the study if all living things In outer space you can expect that your mass will stay the same. There are at least 3 types of microscopes Never Test more that 1 variable The general term for Catabolism and anabolism us Metabolism The life span of each organism ends up with death The 5 branches of biology are Botanists, Zoology, Mia biology, Paleontology, Ethology Photosynthesis- Process in which autotrophs make their own food using the energy in light, CO 2 and H 2 O 3 parts of the cell theory: 1. all cells come from pre existing cells 2. al living orginsims are made up of cells 3. cells are the basic unit of structure and function of a living organism What is the difference between a plant cell and an animal cell A plant cell has chloroplast and some other organelles that an animal cell doesnt. A plant cell does a process called photocenthesis which animal cell doesnt A nucleus is found in Eukaryotes Ribosomes- make proteins Cromosomes- DNA Mitochondira- Transform energy from food into more useful substances in the cell Lysosmoes- Break down molecules within the cell 2 methods for materials to move through cells: 1. Osmosis 2.

Diffusion Active transport requires energy Water will travel from an area of high concentration to low contraction when separated by a semi perm ible membra in. If red cells are added to water they will explode Another name for a cell eating a particle is Phagocyte. When a cell drinks a liquid it is called pimocytosis The core the atom nucleus The building block of all matter in the universe is mostly empty space. Conversions: 9 c = 5 f 160 Centigrade to Fahrenheit K = C + 273 Kelvin to Centigrade 675 5 f 160 F to C The basic unit of all matter is the Atom When elements combine to form substances consisting of to or more different atoms, Chemical Compounds are produced 2 kinds of chemical Bonds H 2 O, NaCl An acid is a compound that releases hydrogen ions A base Is a compound that releases Hydroxide ions The most important aspect of the water molecule is polar The basic Groups of organic compounds found in living organisms. 1. Protons 2.

Carbohydrates 3. Fats (liquids) 4. Nucleic Acid Carbohydrates- Organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, or sugars and the bodys main source of energy Proteins- Amino acids Fats are made of A long chain of carbon atoms with a cor box of a y lic acid on the end Fat Molecule: C-C-C-C- = O OH The 3 major roles of Lipids in living organisms: 1. Form membranes 2. Chemical messengers 3.

Store energy The primary cellular energy source for almost all living things is the sun The 4 elements that make up most living organisms: 1. Carbon 2. Hydrogen 3. Oxygen 4. Nitrogen Mixture- A substance composed of 2 or more elements or compounds that arent chemically combined A chemical formula for a simple acid: H 20 A chemical formula for a simple base: NaOh - NA+) + Oh- 2 kinds of nucleic acids: RNA (ribonucleic acid) DNA deoxyribonucleic Pure water has an equal number of acids and base molecules. 7 ph The range of a ph scale is 0-14 Catalyst- A substance that speeds up the role of a chemical reaction Ex of Saturated Fat- Found in meat and dairy products.

Ex of Non Saturated Fat- Corn oil Carbon is a unique element and the basis for fats, carbs, proteins and nucleic acid because it has a valance of 4 and combined with 4 different things Photosynthesis- Process in which autotrophs make their own food using the energy in light and CO 2 and H 2 O. General Formula for photosynthesis (balanced): CO 2 + H 20 light (CH 2 O) n+O 2 Autotrophs- Organisms that are able to use a source of energy such as sunlight to produce food from simple molecules in the environment Heterotroph's- Organisms that obtain energy from foods they eat. When a plant releases oxygen the oxygen comes from H 2 O ATP- Cromosomes are made DNA Mitochondira- Give the cell energy Lysosomes- Break down molecules in the cell Methods that materials move threw cells: Diffusion, osmosis Active transport requires energy If red blood cells are added to water they will explode. Another name for a cell eating a particle is called phagocytosis When a cell drinks a liquid is called Dinocytosis There are 2 stages of photosynthesis A lot more energy is in glucose than there is in ATP Glucose- Sugar with formula C 6 H 12 O 6 that is a product of photosynthesis; can be broken down for energy Formula for Glucose: 6 CO 2+6 H 2 O The Citric acid cycle takes place in the inner mitochondria Oxygen is the end product of electron transport in the Mitochondrion 36 is the total number of ATP molecules produced by both glycolysis and the kerb's cycle Fermentation- Process that enables cells to carry out energy production in the absence of oxygen 2 kinds of Fermentation: acti c acid alcon dic At 12% alcohol yeast will die Scientific Notation: . 000000456 = 4.56 x 10-7 2 compounds responsible for the Genetic Code: DNA RNA DNA- is the nucleic acid that stores and transmits the genetic information from one generation of an organism to the next Bacteriophage- A virus that infects bacteria's 4 Nitrogen bases DNA: 1.

Quanine 2. Adenine 3. Thymic 4. Adenine The woman who was instrumental in the discovering the structure of DNA is Rose line Franklin Shu cline and C rik were credited for the discovery of DNA The discovery of DNA was made in 1953 The sugar used to make DNA is deoxy ribose 4 Nitrogen bases for RNA: 1. Quanine 2. Adenine 3.

Adenine 4. Vra cil 3 kinds of RNA: 1. messenger 2. ribosome 3. transfer RNA Formula for Glycolysis Q 2 + glue CO 2 + H 2 O 36 ATP is released by Glycolysis 3 nucleotides that cool for a single amino acid makes up a codon Proteins are assembled in the cell Proteins are made in the cell. The bond that holds them together is the hydrogen and peptide B bond. 64 codons are in the genetic code The entire genetic program needed to produce a human cell is found in any cell with a nucleus Protein is a long chain of Amino Acids The genetic code is universal to all animals, but it isnt the same genetic code. Carbohydrates- Long chain of sugars