Development Of Technology And Trade example essay topic

This selection explains the coming of the human being. The first upright, large brained specie was found in Africa two million years ago. Over the next million years the creature was spread throughout the East. All the creatures followed along an evolutionary chain, and then what we call? humans? today were fully developed from an anatomical point of view.

History is a combination of past human activities from all places. Political, social, and economical developments all shape their lives. History is an inquiry about the causes and affects of events in human organization. Better methods and tools have been developed to better practice their expertise. To further their knowledge they now use the help of computer scientists. They also use the study of economics to help determine the cost of living.

They use a demographer to determine marriage patterns, wars and plagues. They use archeologists to study cave dwellers and social psychologists and anthropologists to study ancient pottery and city landscapes. For those cultured who had no forms of writing they look for such things as folk songs, folk tales, and funerary monuments. Historians cannot create evidence.

Many past historical events are not retrievable because no evidence is left behind to be accounted for, and others are known but incorrectly. Some questions about the past cannot be answered because our own motives are not understood, which means we cannot understand the motives of the past. Nostalgia leads to deformation and is useless. Instead many historians look to understand how people of an era solved their problems and lived their lives based on their surroundings. Due to important fossil discoveries made in East Africa, the study of human paleontology has been revolutionized. Before they were discovered scientists believed that the earliest human remains were found in Africa, now they place the earliest ancestors in Ethiopia.

The Leaky's made a bunch of important African fossil discoveries. The? Nutcracker Man? was one of Mary's finds. Later the son Jonathan found the remains of an erect primate with a much larger brain that his mother's finding. It was manlike rather than apelike. There is still much indecision about the origin of humans.

The theories are constantly overturned with the finding of new evidence. Better alternatives are proposed and new evidence added. The most noticeable physical difference between man and ape is in locomotion and posture. Homo erectus had 40% more cranial capacity than the Home habilis. The intelligence of the Homo erectus enabled him to become the only species living in Africa, and to migrate further. Homo erectus was the first species to develop the use of language.

Study of their larynx proves that they made noises to communicate. They new how to hunt properly and evenly distribute food and split up the gathering process. They learned how to use fire to keep warm, cook, and use it as protection against their enemies. They gradually developed from Homo erectus to Homo sapiens about 200,000 years ago; it's very hard to figure out exactly when this began. Recent findings say that Homo sapiens arose in Africa 150,000 years ago. Over time, people and languages diverged, as well as skin color, eye shape, and hair texture.

Neanderthal's were skilled toolmakers and hunters. They relied on a few different all purpose weapons and tools like knives and scrapers made from stone. They built shelters from trees and bone. They limited themselves to one type of game to hunt rather than to kill anything around.

They buried their dead in distinct ways to help them along in their afterlife voyages. How they evolved into humanity still leaves historians puzzled today. Modern humans first developed the creation of art that included paintings and cave murals. The cave art were mainly about moving. The murals mainly depicted proud game species running or leaping around. Incantations and rites probably were depicted in the paintings.

They were considered magical practices and they were usually worked while the hunt was in progress. During the Ice Age most of the herds had vanished leaving little to eat. Because of this the humans have come up with the process of food producing rather than food gathering. As soon as this was accomplished, villages developed and then civilization was born. Births were controlled by ways of nature since it was impossible for a woman to trek for food carrying two babies. They were to give birth once every three to four years.

Some nomads still had to gather food like grain because it can be stored well. People who did these things were more apt to make better discoveries. Villages represented advanced forms of human organization. Village organization brought about trade and also motivated wars. Social organization was the result from switching from food gathering to food production. The villagers came together to produce what they needed as a whole.

Handicrafts were developed to make pots and weapons to do such things as haul water and fight for food. Trade was not the only means of getting food, pillaging was a common method that would serve just as well. No one knows exactly how warfare started but experts doubt that the violence is biological. There was never portrayal of the fighting in the cave wall art. Settled life was bound to bring about warfare when the bans wouldn? t cooperate with each other in hunting and gathering. As luck would have it warfare led to the development of technology and trade.

Advances were made in weaponry, such as daggers, axes, spears, slings and maces. The last development was that of the cities. Some villages unnoticeably turned into cities over the course of 500 years. All of the early cities had farmers for the fields, small numbers of merchants, full time warriors, administrators, and priests. Based on the appearance of these peoples, they noticeably cities and no longer villages. Inside the cities still existed small villages.

These were the people had no real place in the city. The origin of cities has the same points as the beginning of civilization: societies become complex and a need to advance comes about and leads to change and evolution..