Germany Responsible For The World War I example essay topic

"To w hat extent was Germany responsible for the First World War". There are many different factors that contributed to the outbreak of WWI. The most important of these are imperialism, the arms race, the alliance system, nationalism and the assassination of the Austrian Arch Duke. Although Germany has a share in the responsibility of these factors, she was definitely not the lone cause.

Many powerful European nations played a roughly equal part in their contribution, which consequently started the First World War. At the beginning of the 20th Century there was great imperialistic rivalry in Europe. This rivalry can be referred to as the "root" of all the major causes of World War I. Imperialism led to strained relationships between the powers (Germany often clashed with Britain and France over the rule of African countries, and France rivalled with Italy over Tunis) which led indirectly to the formation of the alliance systems. It also led to an intensification of the arms race. In 1896 Dr. Jameson made a raid into the Dutch Republic of Transvaal in South Africa. Germany found that, without a navy, she could not send much military help to the Dutch.

Shortly after the event, Admiral von Tirpitz, the German Minister of Marine, proclaimed the need of a strong navy. From 1898 onwards, Germany built more battleships. This produced competition between Britain, which wanted to maintain its position as the strongest naval force in Europe. The responsibility with the problems caused by imperialism lay with all the major powers equally. The nations all acted too selfishly in wanting to expand imperial power even further, especially Britain who could not stand German competition both militarily and imperially. In the beginning of the 20th Century, nationalistic spirit had been growing amongst the people that lived in the European Empires.

This spirit came to an eruption when on July 1914 the Austrian arch duke was assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina. The assassin ator, Gavril o Princi p, was a member of the "Black Hand"-a nationalistic organization with pan-slavic motives. The assassination provided Austria-Hunagary with a perfect opportunity to engage in a war that they hoped would expand and strengthen its weakening empire without seeming as the aggressor. Austria-Hunagary gave Serbia a list of requirements to agree to, hoping for a reaction that could excuse a war. When Serbia refused to meet some of the requirements, Austria-Hungary proclaimed war and, just as promised, Germany stood by her ally.

Although Austria-Hungary and Serbia bare the main responsibility for these events, Germany was more then happy to use this opportunity to go to war. Josef Baernreither, an Austrian politician, wrote in his diary for December, 1914: 'The Germans were afraid that we would refuse to go with them if the war broke out over some question remote from us... So when the Sarajevo murder took place, Germany seized her opportunity and made an Austrian grievance her signal for action. ' In 1926 Admiral Tirpitz stated that a determined group in the German foreign office 'worked systematically to get Austria committed inextricably, as the first step, so as to be sure of her. The whole plan of campaign against Serbia was arranged in advance to make a conflict inevitable". The German government gave Austria-Hungary a "blank check"-it promised an alliance no matter what the circumstances-as it believed that war was in the best interests of the growth of the country.

Germany, although it was remarkably well industrially developed, lacked much imperial power that other weaker European nations had. War, in the eyes of the government, was the only way to gain this wanted imperial territory. As the war started, the alliance system went into play (the "Triple Extent" which included France, Britain and Russia against the "Triple Alliance" which included Italy Germany and Austria-Hunagary). Germany and Italy supported Austria-Hungary while France supported Russia who in turn supported Serbia.

Britain refused to join the war until the Scheifflen plan took place, and Germany invaded Belgium. Then Britain became involved as well. Germany and Russia were both in a position that could have constrained the significance the war. If Germany hadn't given Austria-Hungary a "blank check" and Russia hadn't been so eager to support Serbia, the end result would have been a minor quarrel between Austria-Hungary and Serbia-not a worldwide war.

Germany's responsibility for the outbreak of the war was certainly larger than that of the French and British governments, however it is wrong to blame Germany alone. Austro-Hungary and Russia were both highly aggressive, and played as bigger role as Germany did.

Bibliography

Baylis, John, and Steve Smith. The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations, 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.