Kmart Store example essay topic

KMART CORP. A SEASONED PERFORMER The venerable retailer's bid to recoup its fortunes includes a system that overhauls the management of highly profitable seasonal merchandise BY MEGAN SANTOS US For retailers, the effective management of seasonal merchandise is a delicate proposition. The selling window is of limited duration and the goal is not to get caught with too much-or too little-inventory at the wrong point in the seasonal cycle. Take Christmas items. If there were no tinsel or wrapping paper or spare tree lights on the shelves the week before Christmas, customers would head for the exits. But if, on Dec. 26, the shelves were still well-stocked with these items, that too would be egregious.

And, because of the shorter selling season, the profit margins are kept higher on seasonal items than on regular stock; so, when it comes to maximizing profits, the balancing act between supply and demand is all the more crucial. If at first blush all that tinsel doesn't seem like such a big deal, it can definitely add up. For ESPRIT Award honoree Kmart Corp., holiday merchandise totals some $2 billion-and Kmart's Seasonal Merchandise Management System (SMMS) currently handles only a fraction of the seasonal goods Kmart sells. (The inaugural project was limited to holiday items; it was recently extended to include back-to-school merchandise, and there are plans for further expansion.) The universe of seasonal retail merchandise is potentially quite broad and might include such items as snow blowers, lawn mowers, bathing suits and bags of peat moss. Kmart, however, declines to reveal the total percentage of revenues for which its seasonal inventory accounts. According to David M. Carlson, Kmart's senior vice president of corporate information systems, managing seasonal inventory perfectly would mean 'the last customer who wants a particular item will find the last one in stock.

' [Editor's note: After this article was reported, Carlson was shifted out of Kmart's top IS spot to other unspecified duties, reportedly because of dissatisfaction over problems plaguing Kmart's inventory replenishment systems.] While perfection is elusive, Kmart's use of client / server -based technology to fine-tune seasonal merchandise management and centralize decision making at its Troy, Mich., headquarters is paying off big. Through fiscal 1996, Kmart projects a total return from SMMS in the neighborhood of $240 million. Not bad for an investment of roughly $2.5 million. Kmart could certainly use the money. Earnings at the $34 billion-a-year discount department store chain have been plunging lately. The company recently announced a restructuring effort that calls for closing 110 stores and eliminating 6,000 jobs.

But many retail analysts contend that shedding unprofitable stores alone will not cure all of the company's ills. If Kmart hopes to regain healthy earnings, it must reduce overhead in existing stores and further exploit the strategic use of information technology, according to Seth Kranz, a management consultant with CSC in Newton, Mass. SMMS is a step in the right direction. By providing buyers and planners at headquarters with daily sales and inventory data, the system has transformed the way Kmart manages the seasonal goods in 2,350 stores in the United States.

Inventory and pricing decisions are now based on sales performance at the individual stores. As a result, Kmart can maximize profits by preserving full price-and gross margins-in stores where seasonal items are selling at or above plan. In stores where sales are lagging, the company can tailor an appropriate merchandising strategy to eliminate inventory by season's end. Since implementation in fiscal 1992, the system has improved seasonal merchandise sell-through-the total number of items sold divided by the total received-by 5 percent. While that may not seem like much, selling more seasonal merchandise at the optimum profit margin, rather than at a loss or at break-even, translates into millions of dollars. In 1992 and 1993, higher sell-through rates on seasonal merchandise accounted for incremental profits of $28.9 million and $37.2 million respectively.

Historically, Kmart managed seasonal merchandise chain wide, measuring total sales against total purchase orders. Chain wide markdowns were mandated when sales fell behind plan. This blanket approach meant there was no rational link between local prices and local demand. Thus, the needed stimulus of a price promotion in stores where sales of an item were slow became a drain of profits out of stores where sales were brisk.

Worse, in stores with high demand, the discounted price led to premature depletion of inventories, causing shelves to empty before season's end. And moving merchandise between understocked and overstocked stores in time to do any good was both costly and logistically difficult. 'District managers manually took inventory at each store,' explains David A. Wegscheid, the divisional vice president of merchandising. 'There was no practical way to figure out which items could be transferred by eyeballing the stuff. ' Even if it was known that a store was running low on an item, it took too long to scour the reports to locate stores with surpluses. It fell to Joseph G. Lichocki, a project manager in corporate systems development, to work with Kmart's merchandising group to link price to demand on a store-by-store basis.

Lichocki was familiar with the frustration felt by planners and buyers. In 1987, Kmart had acquired a massively parallel relational-database server from Teradata (now an NCR division of AT&T Global Information Systems). It was used to process sales, purchase-order and inventory data. But there had been no easy way to view the data. While hefty weekly reports were produced, merchants had to flip through hundreds of pages to find what they wanted. What merchants needed was daily sales information that could be easily manipulated so that action could be taken in time.

'Our challenge was managing the volume of data while providing our end users with ultimate flexibility,' says Lichocki, the architect of the SMMS. 'We had the Teradata, but we weren't sure how to make the data 'fingertip ready' and useful. ' According to Lichocki, the system had to recommend, execute and track action on behalf of merchants. 'Any system with those capabilities,' he asserts, 'will provide a return. ' Still, it took a bit of effort to forge a productive partnership between the IS and merchandising groups because, as Wegscheid diplomatically explains it, 'merchants and systems worked separately before. ' However, because SMMS was Kmart's first venture into client / server computing, developing it required both groups to work closely together.

The IS group enhanced its credibility with the merchandising group considerably by quickly demonstrating the benefits of client / server ; the first release of the SMMS was delivered in six weeks using prototyping and rapid system development techniques. Thanks in part to this approach, Wegscheid reports that IS and merchandising regularly work together and now enjoy a productive and cooperative partnership. SMMS features NCR workstations linked to the central Teradata via the corporate Novell LAN. Overnight sales and inventory data from each store is automatically uploaded to the database.

In the morning, buyers and planners at corporate headquarters and merchandising coordinators at regional sites can quickly assess the status of seasonal merchandise by using intuitive GUIs to drill down into the huge database. For example, a coordinator wondering whether a merchandise transfer could eliminate under stocking in one store and overstocking in another can execute a query that graphically identifies the appropriate stores and merchandise and notifies local store managers to take action. Buyers and planners can view sales performance at a variety of levels, including item, department, store and region. An interface with an existing system also lets merchants analyze performance based on specific store attributes; if anyone wants to know how Easter baskets are faring at stores in college towns, SMMS will provide the answer quickly. 'Every morning, my buyers can see exactly how many pieces have been sold, where they have sold and at what price,' says Wegscheid. In addition, the system lets merchants better manage merchandise to meet sales targets.

If the target stipulates an 80 percent sell-through three weeks before the season ends, a store at 40 percent can transfer merchandise, reduce prices, even change the way merchandise is displayed. (One buyer tracked the sales of inflatable pool toys and saved $300,000 by avoiding a shipment of merchandise that would have resulted in severe overstocks.) 'We now manage every item end-to-end, from the decision to buy it and stock the store, until it is sold to a-hopefully-satisfied customer,' says Wegscheid. Technical Profile Old System: Weekly paper-based reports generated from the NCR / Teradata DBC/1012 database server via a 3278 terminal New System: The client / server -based Seasonal Merchandise Management System (SMMS) Hardware: NCR Teradata DBC/1012 relational database server that stores and processes sales and inventory data; DOS-based NCR 3330 486 workstations with color monitors; three MVS mainframes for transferring sales and inventory data every morning. Software: Packaged software on workstations include DOS, Microsoft Windows, Microsoft Excel and Win / CLI, which allows communication with the Teradata server. SMMS was developed using the Asy metrix Tool book language. Communications: Novell Token Ring local area network links client workstations with the Teradata server.

Remote users in the United States have transparent access to the LAN via Kmart's satellite communications system. All content copyright CXO Media Inc., 1994-2001. All rights are reserved. No material may be reproduced electronically or in print without written permission from CXO Media, 492 Old Connecticut Path, Framingham, MA 01701 Santa Barbara News-Press (Santa Barbara, California) (via Knight-Ridder / Tribune Business News), March 12, 2005 pNA Targeting a new look: Troubled Kmart undergoes a massive makeover. Full Text: COPYRIGHT 2005 Santa Barbara News-Press Byline: Maria Late Mar. 12 -- If you can't beat 'em, imitate 'em. That's the war cry of discount retailer Kmart these days as it struggles to keep up with its trendier and more popular rival, Target.

To reinvigorate sales and shopper interest, Kmart apparently has pulled out the manual that Target used to transform itself from frumpy to hip. Tidy-looking stores, a streamlined Web site and fun, design-conscious products form the elements of Kmart's massive makeover. South Coast residents may not recognize the Kmart in Goleta when it completes a major remodel next month. The store at 6865 Hollister Ave. is one of nine locations in the chain currently morphing into a new, improved Kmart that shoppers say looks more like a Target. Changes at the Goleta Kmart started in January and include the shuffling of aisles and departments to air out the store that once had the feeling of a cluttered walk-in closet. And employees who were often hard to find now pop up in nearly every aisle, eager to offer assistance.

Santa Barbara resident Mignon Bradley said she has 'absolutely noticed the changes. ' On a recent afternoon, she had stopped at the store to buy a small glass-topped table to prepare for a family dinner party. 'The most positive change is the demeanor of all the employees. It's like night and day.

It's a pleasure to shop there now,' Ms. Bradley said. 'They " ve obviously done a lot of employee training, and they " ve cleaned it up a lot. It was yucky in there before. ' Creating an 'open view' at the entrance and a 'fresh' look was one of Kmart's primary objectives when it embarked on the store remodels last year, said Stephen Pagani, a spokesman for the chain based in Troy, Mich.

'What customers will see immediately when they walk in is that they have an open view of the store, and it's easy to see where everything is and where they need to go to find something. We " ve created new signage with brighter colors of oranges and yellows,' he explained. 'We " ve also made a number of merchandising changes. In apparel, we " re going for a more lifestyle presentation where outfits are grouped together,' he added. 'In the furniture area, where things used to be in boxes up on shelves, we " ve put them on the floor and accessorized them with other items in the store. ' Kmart's most obvious merchandise change includes the revamping of its private-label home dc or line called Home Essentials.

The name has changed to Essential Home, and the line reflects a modern sensibility meant to reel in shoppers seeking an alternative to the traditional looks of the popular Martha Stewart collection. A contemporary color palette and funky patterns dominate the Essential Home items such as kitchen towels, potholders and chair cushions. Streamlined silhouettes and a modern mood show up in bathroom accessories, furniture and lamps. It's no accident that Essential Home feels more upscale and hip. Kmart assembled a new product design team last year with executives recruited from Gap and the world of Donna Karan. The changes have led some observers to note that Kmart is taking cues not only from Target but from budget-conscious furniture retailer Ikea, as well.

Target officials at its Minnesota headquarters declined to discuss Kmart's strategy, citing that it has a policy never to comment on its competitors. Given that the South Coast has neither a Target nor an Ikea, the strategy to fill a void by emulating the absent competitors could work well, industry experts said. 'If you " re going to compete, you need to compete head-on,' said Kurt Barnard, a retail analyst and publisher of Barnard's Retail Trends Report in New Jersey. 'I think it's a wise move for Kmart to copy what has worked for Target, and there's room in the market for that niche.

' Mr. Barnard warned, however, that it's too soon to tell if Kmart's strategy will work, given the uncertainties created by its impending merger with Sears. Kmart announced last November that it would acquire Sears for $11 a billion, creating the third-largest retailer in the nation, behind Wal-Mart and Home Depot. Shareholders of Kmart and Sears will vote on the proposed merger at special March 24 meetings. No plans have been announced for how the merger would influence the county's handful of Sears and Kmart stores. Sears has locations in Santa Barbara, Santa Maria and Lompoc, while the county's only other Kmart store is in Santa Maria. Competition is growing more intense in the retail industry every day and Kmart's changes are essential to survival, said local economist Mark Schniepp.

'If they " re copying Target or Wal-Mart, it's not just a matter of strategy, its a matter of staying alive,' he said. 'They " re competing not only with those stores but places like Longs and Rite-Aid and the new Bed Bath & Beyond. ' The local Kmart may soon face even greater heat from the nation's biggest big box. Wal-Mart has expressed interest in building a store in Buellton, at the Oak Springs Village shopping center that is in development.

There are already well-established Wal-Marts in Santa Maria and Lompoc, as well as in Oxnard in Ventura County. Developers floated the idea of bringing Target to a parcel near the Santa Barbara Municipal Airport last year, but that campaign died in August when Berman t Development Co. opted to try to bring in another tenant for the site. At this point, it isn't likely that Target would partner with another developer because of the lack of available land. While it may take many years for either Wal-Mart or Target to come to the South Coast, Kmart's moves to copy competitors could be an advantage for local shoppers and the company, said Tracy Pfautch, director of marketing for the Paseo Nuevo Shopping Center. 'Everybody has wanted a Target here. There was a big campaign to bring the store to the South Coast, and that failed,' she said.

'So there is an identifiable need. If Kmart is trying to rise to the occasion to fill that need, then I think it should work for them and shoppers. You know what they said in that Kevin Costner movie, 'If you build it, they will come. ' a' To see more of the Santa Barbara News-Press, or to subscribe to the newspaper, go to web Copyright (c) 2005, Santa Barbara News-Press, Calif. Distributed by Knight Ridder / Tribune Business News.

TICKER SYMBOL (S): KMART, TGT Article CJ 130197835 IDEA Article March 2003: Lessons Learned from Kmart By: Mike RiouxMuch has been written about the downfall of Kmart. Some poignant insight revealed many lessons and strategic miscues in marketing, customer service and purchasing, all of which contributed to the dimming of the "Blue Light". Andrew Dietderich in Detroit Business chronicled how Kmart executives waffled between a "technology for technology's sake" position and an "if it ain't broke" attitude. This ambivalence postponed and deferred technology expenditures as a method to protect short-term profitability and cost Kmart in the long term. The perspective on Kmart's failures may be symptomatic of many industries including the electrical industry: guilty of the same technology avoidance or complacency or even outright Technophobia?

What were Kmart's compelling problems, or, what kept them up at night? The short list included depressed margins and sagging prices, stagnant inventory turns, overstock at every level, mounting returns, increased warranty claims, and increasingly unreasonable demands from customers. Many of the Kmart's problems or for that matter, any company's problems, are not really problems but are symptoms of a larger, more problematic issue, specifically technology. Have companies individually or collectively spurned the technology that helps make leaps in efficiencies because they don't understand it? We look back to the September 27, 1999 Business Week e. biz Strategies Article by Roger Crockett " A Neanderthal Industry Smartens Up, How the electrical-parts biz got the glitches out" and wonder how much progress has been made in the electrical industry? A large percentage of manufacturers and distributors still don't understand the purpose and objectives of e-commerce, IDEA, IDX 2 and the IDW, or fear the investment, or thought what they were doing was "good enough?" Is the electrical industry guilty, like Kmart of neglecting that, which can help us?

Is supply chain technology the cure of what ails us? We should always be careful not to place too much faith in any technology. It is, after all, people who ultimately solve problems, but the short answer is, "Yes", along with a caveat. Consider how supply chain technology can address the myriad of symptoms.

Overstocks are typically the result of benign or passive neglect in inventory management. They result in stagnant inventory turns, especially in slow-moving parts. Clearly, this is an area where supply chain software can truly shine. Software that projects future demand based on historic usage has been around for years. What is exciting is the ability of new applications to consider a greater range of factors in developing an inventory projection. Software that, for example, resides on a server between trading partners has the ability to consider circumstances and factors of both the buyer and the seller.

It can also schedule shipments in accordance with production schedules, availability of inventory, even the schedule of freight carriers. Today's systems can quickly and easily perform countless sophisticated, algorithmic calculations over and over, continually refining themselves. Buyers and stock managers just don't have the time to do as good a job as today's technology can do. The application of this sort of technology routinely serves to improve stock profiles, improve inventory turns or both. Mounting returns, increased warranty claims and unreasonable buyer requests are ways that customers are attempting to deal with their problems. These areas have become part of the "default strategy" of many business people as a way of dealing with the pain of their individual situation.

Unfortunately, the pain is added to the next step in the supply chain. Jay Ferr on, a Price Waterhouse financial analyst, described this phenomenon as the strategy of "squeeze". This is an insidious behavior where everyone in the channel bangs on anyone above them or below them in an attempt to find relief from their problems. You probably experienced it, some times as the "squeeze e", sometimes as the "squeezer". The manifestations of "squeeze" come in the form of: insisting on returning more than the stated sales policy under the threat of changing suppliers, in demanding price and discount concessions or extended terms, even as increased alleged defectives that are nothing more than stock adjustment returns masquerading as warranties. The problem is that while reaching out to others is the right thing; we aren't doing it in the right way.

Squeezing vendors or customers for relief in an effort to compensate for our own problems or shortcomings is a self-fulfilling prophecy. The implementation of effective supply chain technology can and will address the roots of these problems. Effective supply chain technology prevents inventory from getting out of whack by performing an ongoing daily inventory analysis against history, usage, even statistical models factoring product builds and failure rates. It's not some kind of magic business bean as the current IBM TV advertisement explains, just the ability of systems to perform countless mechanical calculations over and over that buyer and stock managers just don't have the time and patience to do.

When stocks and net sales are analyzed daily, parts that are not going to sell are not reordered. When small returns are made regularly, store and distributor inventories never get so far out of whack that huge returns, or surreptitious warranty claims (returns) or other outrageous demands are required. Depressed margins and sagging prices are in large part the result of well-intentioned business people attempting to deal with perceived customer dissatisfaction (and the strategy of squeeze) by increasing discounts and reducing prices. Instead, they should be focusing on their historic strengths: quality, availability and service. Can supply chain technology help here? Yes, in an indirect way.

If a distributor is utilizing the technology tools to manage their inventory, then they are more likely to have the right parts in stock; meaning service levels and order turn-around time are much better. That translates to happier customers that are less likely to shop around or to be seduced by a slightly deeper deal. It also means that faster-turning inventory and reduced investment will create higher profitability. The upshot of these circumstances is that all of these symptoms are addressed to some degree by the effective implementation of supply chain management. Supply chain technology is not the magic business bean that will cure all problems. However, if you accept that the symptoms are part of a cycle perpetuated by too much of the wrong inventory then acting to address that root problem will start to affect all of the other "squeeze" factors plaguing manufacturers, distributors, and contractors.

And now the bad news! The solution comes with a price. The biggest price is clean, robust data. If you are like most people, you just went back and reread that last sentence all the time thinking; surely it should say money, time, or anything other than data. The fact is data is grossly misunderstood.

Distributors and manufacturers, own, host and maintain incredible banks of data. Unfortunately, few of us recognize the significance or importance of that data. We are consistently asked the same question about e-commerce: Where do we start? Our answer is painfully simple.

"Your data". Then we get the glassy-eyed stare. Data is the fuel that powers every software application. And, as it turns out, all those catch phrases that we have heard over the years like, "content is king", if you put "garbage in" you will get "garbage out", are true. And just like contaminated fuel in an airplane engine, if you put incomplete and inaccurate data into a system it will sputter, spit and stall. Data is like a baby -- everybody thinks theirs is perfect.

If you speak to anyone in any company and ask them the condition of their company data, you will be greeted with one of two responses, a blank stare or a superlative. In most cases, the blank stare is the better answer. We have all experienced the problems when computers don't recognize simple data mistakes like the addition of dashes or spaces. Computers take data entries literally and are not able to "filter" even simple errors like an extra prefix or slash. Consider this one example on a data field error as simple as quantity. The manufacturer plant considers a "unit" to be a spool of wire or cable 1,000-feet long.

The master distribution center breaks those down into 50-foot rolls and considers that a "unit". Both the warehouse and rep sell the product by the foot and, as such, consider that their "unit". Now, just for fun, imagine the rep's order for a quantity of 50 being electronically transmitted to the plant as a drop ship order. Picture the truck driver backing up to a distributor with a trailer load of 50,000 feet of wire or cable for delivery. Or even worse, what if that quantity was transmitted as order demand to the plant for, say just 30 customers.

That would be about a 150,000-foot overstatement of demand on which the plant might schedule production. Explain that one to the boss. Just in case you are a distributor and are thinking that data problems are just an issue for manufacturers, read on. In a recent data clean up, one distributor discovered that he had one manufacturer's part number duplicated in his system six different times. That meant that he was maintaining the same part number in inventory six times with six sets of sales history. Even worse, two of the six part numbers were classified as "A" movers.

That same distributor discovered in the data synchronization process that his typical customer had a 10-percent duplication of part numbers in their systems. Eliminating the data errors helped reduce inventories by about 5 percent, before the implementation of any supply chain automation. As outrageous as this seems, this is not an isolated instance attributable to bad business people. It is only by taking the time to clean up your data and then synchronizing it with your trading partners that businesses can begin to chisel away at the nagging problems. The IDW was created to facilitate data synchronization between manufacturers and distributors. When Kmart finally did get to the point that they could query their data and begin to use some of their supply chain tools, they discovered things like they were stocking over 13 different toasters, yet only two accounted for over 85 percent of sales.

Information, and the ability to use it to make smart business decisions is power. But it all starts with having accurate data on which to base decisions. What else can we learn from Kmart? Well, Kmart announced that it will invest $2 billion in an attempt to catch-up to where they need to be on the technology front. Two billion dollars just to catch up! Is that just throwing money at a problem, others will say that it is something they have to do just to attempt to survive.

How Kmart Blew It Chana R. Schoenberg er, 01.18. 02, 11: 58 AM ET Standing in the narrow aisle of a Kmart in Greenbelt, Md., on the day after Christmas, executive secretary Sandy Defeo eyed her empty shopping cart. It was a rare trip to Kmart for the 58-year-old resident of nearby Adelphi, who avoids the store because of its 'half-hour lines. ' Although she'd come to redeem some gift certificates that her daughter had received, Defeo had so far found nothing to buy.

'I don't see any big deals,' she said. (See also The View From Martha Land, By The Numbers: Kmart Versus Wal-Mart and Billionaire Advice For Kmart) Across the Potomac River, in Annandale, Va., David Hill was looking askance at another Kmart (nyse: KM - news - people) offering, a $199 five-piece dining-table set packed into torn cardboard boxes and stacked haphazardly on a wooden pallet. While he needed a table and chairs, the Alexandria preschool teacher wasn't interested in the battered Kmart selection. 'It's a mess,' said Hill, surveying the store.

'Nothing's priced, all the boxes are broken, no stickers on the items. ' Calling Kmart a mess is an understatement these days. The country's second-largest discounter after Wal-Mart Stores (nyse: WMT - news - people), with 2,113 stores nationwide, Kmart is wobbling on the brink of insolvency. Once a formidable, fast-growing retailer with roots reaching back to 1899, Kmart was the place where young couples in the 1960's and 1970's bought their first dinette sets and suburban lawn chairs. But the retailer has lost its focus over the last 15 years. A detour into big-box diversification -- Borders Group (nyse: BGP - news - people), Builder's Square and the Sports Authority (nyse: TSA - news - people) -- put it far behind Wal-Mart in the basic discounting business it had once led.

Poorly executed technology projects have mangled its inventory channels. An advertising gaffe this past holiday season lost it millions in sales to rivals. While the company insists its liquidity position is sound, Wayne Hood, an analyst with Prudential Securities, says the company might choose to file for Chapter 11 protection within the next six months if its sales and profits don't get better. Its shares, at $1.56, are down 88% since August.

Even if Kmart survives as a going concern, its likeliest existence will be as a shrunken company limping along one step ahead of the shadow of Wal-Mart's mighty bulldozer. The endgame developed quicker than anyone thought. Santa passed Kmart by in December, the crucial holiday-shopping month, when same-store sales were down 1% from the previous year. In contrast, Wal-Mart and Target (nyse: TGT - news - people) saw increases of 8% and 2%, respectively.

Kmart will likely lose $1.3 billion on revenue of $36 billion for the fiscal year that ends this month. In December the company said that it was negotiating with lenders to renew its $1.5 billion revolving credit facility. Credit rating agencies had been cutting their ratings on Kmart debt steadily since November. The company had another $366 million in the bank at the end of October, but it owed its vendors $3.3 billion, up from $2.6 billion at the end of October 2000.

Rumors began swirling in early January that Chief Executive Charles Conaway would be forced to shut stores or borrow more cash just to stay afloat. On Jan. 15, Standard & Poor's evicted Kmart from its prestigious S&P 500 index, leaving it in the company of former high-fly ers like Global Crossing (nyse: GX - news - people) and the now-bankrupt Polaroid (otc: PRD CQ - news - people). On Jan. 14, Kmart's board of directors went behind closed doors to hash out a survival plan. When it emerged with an announcement on Jan. 17, Conaway still had his job but lost the chairman's role to 53-year-old board member James Adamson, who had experience at Target and Adv antica (otc: DINE - news - people), owner of the Denny's restaurant chain.

President Mark Schwartz, whom Conaway had hired in September 2000, also left the company. No matter who is in charge, options are pretty grim. Kmart says it has access to all the cash it needs, but Em me Kozloff, an analyst with Sanford C. Bernstein, thinks it will have to increase the revolver to $2 billion just to stay afloat. That might require putting up its $6.5 billion in inventory as collateral, which in turn could trigger further credit downgrades. The company will also have to forget about expansion plans and close limping stores. Kmart has already put 250 stores on a watch list, but Kozloff thinks the company might close as many as 350, 17% of the chain, leading to a $2 billion charge as soon as this quarter.

Target or another big-box retailer, such as Home Depot (nyse: HD - news - people) or Staples (nasdaq: S PLS - news - people), could snap up Kmart's larger locations. And Wal-Mart will benefit from the decreased competition. As its woes have worsened, Kmart has turned to abusing vendors. Late last year, the company told its suppliers that its accounts payable system was broken, a problem that persisted for about six weeks. Payments were spotty, but the company says the glitch is now fixed. Some vendors, loath to air their grievances in public, were not sure if the glitch was real or a ruse.

Many vendors are getting only 80 cents on the dollar from Kmart, according to Banc of America Securities analysts. Some are even taking the company to court. In February 2001, Sega (otc: SEG NY - news - people), the Japanese video game company, sued Kmart in a San Francisco court for an unpaid $2.2 million off a $29.5 million invoice, charging the chain with failure to pay for Dream Cast game consoles. The suit is slated for trial in October. 'Kmart has a very complicated and byzantine vendor compliance policy that places an undue and costly burden on manufacturers such as ourselves,' says Sega spokesman Charles Bell field. Kmart says it doesn't comment on pending litigation.

Conaway, Kmart's 41-year-old chief since May 2000, seems to be in over his head with mostly inherited problems. The former president of drug giant CVS (nyse: CVS - news - people) swore he'd get Kmart's thunder back and turn it into 'the authority for Mom' within two years. But with the clock ticking, Conaway has produced few positive results. His greatest mistake may have been in setting unrealistic expectations. Wall Street analysts complain that he waves so many pom-poms for Kmart that their clients hang up on his investor conference calls. It didn't help that his handpicked chief financial officer lasted six months in the job, further eroding the company's rapport with analysts.

Conaway's new boss, Adamson, is expected to work furiously on the financing problems now plaguing the company. Kmart's slide started long before Conaway arrived. Founded in 1962, the same year as Wal-Mart, the Troy, Mich. -based retailer was once the king of off-price schlock. Conceived as the bargain offshoot of the Kresge department stores, the chain blanketed the suburbs with stores carrying everything from Tide detergent to clothes, makeup, electronics, and house wares.

Kmart expanded rapidly through the 1960's and 1970's, hitting $1 billion in sales in 1966, a full 13 years before Wal-Mart reached that milestone, and opening its 2,000th store in 1981. But the luster started to fade in the 1980's. Customers began shunning Kmart's poorly made dishtowels, cheap makeup brands and tacky clothes. In an ill-considered move, Kmart began trying to diversify in 1984, buying up a random collection of big boxes such as the Sports Authority, OfficeMax (nyse: OM - news - people), Builder's Square and Borders Group. But by 1994 it abandoned the strategy, deciding that the parts were more valuable than the whole.

Its shares had appreciated only 2% compounded annually in the prior 10 years. In 1997, under Chief Executive Floyd Hall, Kmart embarked on the Big K store conversion program, rejuvenating stores and adding a bigger pantry section with boxed food. That renovation plan is now finished. In addition to the Big K stores, Kmart has converted 107 stores to Super K formats, which include a 24-hour grocery.

But while Kmart was retrenching, Wal-Mart was covering the map. From 1990 to 2001, Wal-Mart grew its domestic store base 8% a year. The Bentonville-Ark. behemoth increased its sales 16% last year to $191 billion in revenue and $6.3 billion in net income. Wal-Mart boasts 2,722 domestic stores, with another 492 Sam's Clubs and a thousand overseas locations. A Kmart store typically suffers a sales drop of 5% to 15% for up to three years after a Wal-Mart moves in nearby, says Darrell Rigby, head of the worldwide retail practice at consulting firm Bain & Co. Continue to next page...

Kmart has lost much of its identity. It is hemmed in from below by Wal-Mart's rock-bottom prices and vast fresh-groceries aisles and from above by the mass-with-class approach of Target, which lures a slightly more affluent customer. Conaway, who declined to comment for this story, is fighting as best he knows how: installing his own management team, revamping the grocery section and cutting costs. Conaway had pushed out the vice chairman, the vice president in charge of global operations, the top marketer, the pharmacy chief, and the chief of its Bluelight. com e-tailing unit, among others. Outside of Troy, Conaway put new faces in half the store manager posts and nearly two-thirds of the district manager slots. Early last year, Conaway cut a 10-year, $4.5 billion deal with grocery distributor Fleming (nyse: FLM - news - people) to supply and manage its pantry section exclusively, a move calculated to save the two companies $400 million over the first three years by lowering food prices by 4% and decreasing the number of items by 10%.

He is also hacking away at the supply chain mess left by decades of under-investment in technology. Scanners in the stores were outdated and didn't feed purchasing information back to headquarters, leaving the central planners in the dark about what customers were buying. When Conaway arrived at Kmart, the distribution centers were late in delivering merchandise to stores 11% of the time, or about one in ten deliveries. Most retailers are late just 5% of the time. The supply chain system also bungled 15% of stores' orders from the distribution centers.

The industry's discrepancy rate is less than half a percent. And until last year, shrinkage, the percentage of goods lost to mishandling and theft, was three times that of competitors. Kmart took a $195 million charge in the October quarter to jettison old software. Conaway is devoting $1.7 billion to upgrade store and back-office technology, including new software from I 2, Manhattan Associates and other tech outfits, in hopes that the applications will fix the underlying problems.

He's also spending $200 million on high-tech checkout scanners from IBM (nyse: IBM - news - people). Rafts of consultants from Deloitte & Touche, where Conaway worked early in his career, are doing the integration. 'Project Elmo,' the 400-person initiative to combine the two separate hard-line and soft-line purchasing systems into one, will be done by quarter's end. Conaway told analysts the conversion would eliminate 5,000 computer jobs and get goods to the stores two weeks faster. Kmart is also redoing its demand-planning and forecasting software to get the right goods into stores, hoping to reduce the replenishment cycle from the current five- to seven-day levels to between 48 and 72 hours. Both Kmart and I 2 say the supply-chain project is going well, but industry insiders say it has been plagued by setbacks.

According to a person familiar with the program, getting pieces of the software to work with other pieces has cost Kmart $7 million and forced the opening of an additional computer center to handle the problems. This convoluted supply-chain system gravely damaged the famous Bluelight Special, a promotion scheme where shoppers dashed around to grab get-it-while-it-lasts sales announced over a store's loudspeaker. The specials, often a two-for-one or half-off package that reduced stocks of an over-supplied seasonal item like suntan lotion, pulled in margins of 18% to 20%, while the rest of Kmart's revenue made just 3% to 5% margins. The lucrative specials, discontinued in 1991 and brought back last year as a last-ditch marketing gimmick, stumbled in part because Kmart couldn't work with vendors to gauge which products were ripe for promotion.

Slowdowns at the stores' registers, too antiquated to bundle two items under one bar code, also ate into the Specials' profits. Even if the efficiencies do arrive, they won't solve the steady sales declines. Kmart has bungled recent efforts to seduce customers into the stores. In August Conaway tried to ape Wal-Mart's everyday-low-price strategy with Bluelight Always, a massive 30,000-item price cut in August.

To pay for the plan, Kmart set about cutting its $1.2 billion ad budget. Its usually thick Sunday newspaper circulars, a fixture in consumers' weekend shopping plans, were thinned by 20% to 50%. But without the supplement, fewer customers came into the stores, decreasing Sunday traffic by double-digit figures. 'There's no doubt we made a mistake by cutting too much advertising too fast.

It also didn't help that we decreased our promotion while our competition actually increased theirs,' a chastened Conaway told analysts after he released the disappointing results in November. Conaway is also wrestling with Kmart's goofy organizational structure, which had forced each store and distribution center to run as a profit-making business. Distribution managers would seek to unload inventory as fast as possible; it was shipped to stores without waiting for orders or before the store asked for replenishment. But store managers had no incentive to unload the goods and add the inventory to their own books. As a result, pallets were sometimes left locked in trailers in store parking lots. While Kmart says it has enough money to support its operations, a growing drumbeat of analysts and vendors say the company might have to consider reorganizing under the protection of Chapter 11 bankruptcy.

Like most retailers, Kmart borrowed against its $1.5 billion revolving bank loan to buy holiday inventory. But while most retailers aim to pay back their banks by the end of the year, Kmart could finish the year still on the hook for $400 million to $900 million from its revolver, according to Wayne Hood, an analyst with Prudential Securities who downgraded the stock to 'sell' in early January. Inventory buildup could be a problem. While Kmart was able to persuade vendors to finance 39% of its inventory last quarter, Prudential's Wayne Hood thinks that has inched down to 36% at the end of 2001, a difference that could require another $200 million. With sales dropping, it's likely Kmart won't be able to sell enough inventory.

Currently Wal-Mart turns over each store's inventory about eight times per a year. Target does about seven turns. Kmart? Only 3.6 times.

Conaway might have to halve its planned $1.2 billion budget for store expansion, putting it further behind Wal-Mart. If Kmart had to issue new junk bonds, its interest rates would be steep. Standard & Poor's rates its bonds one grade above bankruptcy. Says S&P's retail analyst Mary Lou Burden, 'This is not a near-term negative; it's a long-term.

' Another potential balance-sheet land mine is the outstanding lease obligations on the stores of its former subsidiaries OfficeMax, Sports Authority and Borders. The obligations -- about $418 million worth -- only kick in if the subsidiaries go out of business, but that's happened before. In 1999, Kmart had to take a $354 million write off for guaranteed leases at Builder's Square after the home-improvement retailer's new owner, Hechinger, entered bankruptcy protection. Kmart's death spiral shows little sign of slowing. Conaway, only 18 months into his self-described turnaround, may soon be forced to call it a workout. Top Discount Merchandisers Analyzed via the Value FrameworkTMby Mitchell Levy, Author, E-Solve-or-Die. com, Author, the Value FrameworkTMand Paul A. Loch, Principal, Internet Business Consulting, LTDSUMMARYThe Discount Merchandising Category as a whole is increasing its total share of retail spending in the United States.

Wal-Mart, Kmart, and Target have emerged as the three national market leaders. Each of these companies launched with distinct strategies for targeting customers, merchandising, distribution and logistics, and real estate management. Kmart was the first major discount merchandiser in the United States, and enjoyed the 'first mover' advantage for several decades. Wal-Mart and Target started in the 1960's, and at this point both have by-passed Kmart on a number of strategic measures.

Wal-Mart has a formidable advantage in its position as the 'low price retailer' for the merchandise it features in its stores. Moving forward, it can selectively exploit the weaknesses that Kmart currently faces, and expand its store categories to further meet its customers' needs, such as the need for grocery products. Flawless execution of strategy is imperative in this category. Target and Wal-Mart not only understand the need for a clear strategy, they also execute it. Kmart does neither of these well at present...

Target positions itself as providing 'higher-end, higher-image merchandise' at prices lower than found at boutiques or main line department stores. It can take advantage of the confusion of Kmart shoppers who react favorably to the Martha Stewart labeled products, but do not find the total shopping experience at Kmart to be consistent with the 'store branded' approach Target has taken. Kmart is in trouble. It has been squeezed by these two well-run competitors, and is struggling to figure out how its value proposition compares with that of Wal-Mart and Target. It has some loyalty among the urban and minority groups of consumers which its competitors have avoided, but needs to develop a complete strategy that effectively serves these targets.

Moving beyond the groups that Kmart 'owns,' the company should selectively operate stores where it can profitably compete with Wal-Mart and Target, and exit markets that Wal-Mart and Target together dominate. At the end of the day, most consumers come out as winners in this category of shopping. The exception may be the urban shopper, for whom Kmart has been the primary retailer, while being carefully avoided by Wal-Mart and Target. Kmart does neither well at present, and must develop a clear point of differentiation from its competition, and re-tool its operations to support the re-positioned entity. There is a great opportunity for Kmart if the management team creates the right strategy and deploys, manages and evolves the appropriate business models. STRATEGY EVOLVED The discount merchandising category is growing by gaining greater share of wallet (process share) from the mall stores and conventional department stores, so Kmart is in an even more ironic position of being a losing player in a winning category.

In the next 2 to 4 years, both Wal-Mart and Target can continue the strategies they have developed, and achieve same store expansion along with new store growth merely by gaining disaffected Kmart customers. Kmart is struggling for an identity and for survival. It does have a niche market of urban shoppers and minority groups that it can continue to own, but it will likely find itself attempting several different strategies with this audience before settling on one that stabilizes it financially. Both Wal-Mart and Target will likely take advantage of their respective positions during the Kmart mayhem, and take initiatives that extend them beyond their core strategies. Wal-Mart's approach will be more ambitious and far-reaching. It will expand the sizes of its stores, and undertake a more aggressive effort to introduce new lines of merchandise, particularly grocery items.

While Kmart met its comeuppance employing this approach, it is expected that Wal-Mart's deeper management capacity and powerful information systems will enable it to execute this more effectively than did Kmart. It will also expand its 'exclusive store brands' to more departments of the store. It will leverage the Internet to improve its logistics operations, giving it an even better window both from the point of sale and to the suppliers, improving the connectivity between inventory purchased and produced. Since Target is a smaller entity than either Wal-Mart or Kmart, it will get a proportionately higher boost in sales growth as a result of the Kmart malaise. It will continue to develop its 'exclusive store brands,' that will expand its initiatives of working with branded and fashion label manufacturers to develop lines of products that are sold exclusively at Target.

Compared to Wal-Mart, Target's evolved strategy will be more focused and incremental, and the company is less likely to aggressively move into entirely new categories of merchandise or expand geographically outside of the suburbs. The question for Kmart is as much 'Can it survive?' as 'How can it survive?' It suffers from a number of structural disadvantages, only some of which can be eliminated during the time in which it is in bankruptcy protection. Announced plans to target urban minorities as its primary audience may make sense, but it has significant implications for the types of products featured in stores. While many of the brands and merchandise appeal equally to all target audiences-household cleaning products, for example-there is ample market research that shows that a store designed to cater to different minority groups must feature and promote merchandise that has specific appeal to these groups. This presents a different business model challenge for Kmart, and it will require its management to re-tool thinking and business practices that have been ingrained in the company for dozens of years. It is unclear whether the leadership will formulate the vision and execute it, since the company's current management comprises turnaround executives with expertise in 'getting out of bankruptcy', rather than 'niche merchandising'.

Although the vision appears to be the right one, Kmart is further handicapped since it cannot fully focus on it until the bankruptcy issues are behind it. To summarize its dilemma, Kmart lacks the operational and low cost position of Wal-Mart, the product innovative ness of Target, and doesn't appear to have gained a good understanding of the customers it serves, as is exhibited by its varied merchandising approach. STRATEGY MANAGED Wal-Mart is generally recognized for a number of best practices. Target is also a largely well-run operation. Kmart remains the also ran of the three. Since it positions itself as a low cost provider, Wal-Mart has been ruthless in controlling its main cost areas: personnel, cost of goods sold, distribution, and real estate.

Store employees are paid just slightly above minimum wage, and it is entirely a non-union shop. Yet, in many locations, Wal-Mart is the employer of choice, since it provides more employee benefits and a better work environment compared with other job options in the area. The employees, called 'associates', are generally a highly motivated group, thanks to the 'family style' of store management that is part of the company culture. This enables store managers to use employees more flexibly, without the resistance or unionized workforce rules that can be found at other retailers. The buying power the company has by virtue of the volumes it orders has enabled it to negotiate the best terms from the manufacturers with which it does business. It also makes sure to purchase merchandise from countries and locations that assure the lowest total landed cost at any given time, and will adjust the volumes it orders from suppliers opportunistically to keep this low cost position.

Wal-Mart's distribution system in North America gives it another significant cost advantage. It strategically locates distribution centers to support clusters of stores, and uses state of the art automation to manage and move inventory from these centers to the stores. It has forged deep and long-term strategic alliances such as JB Hunt for truckload carriage of freight, and Union Pacific for moving containers and trailers by rail. Data from its point of sale systems at the stores are captured in real time and transmitted to company headquarters to determine trends, merchandise turns and other key metrics. Consequently, Wal-Mart is very effective at minimizing slow turning items, and leveraging information about products that are performing particularly well.

Since it located its initial stores primarily in non-urban areas, or the outskirts of town, the cost of land and related expenses such as taxes, utilities, roadways and other infrastructure are also relatively lower, and sometimes subsidized by the local communities via business development funds. While Wal-Mart has more recently moved into suburban locations, it has fundamentally stayed away from putting stores in dense inner city venues. So while its real estate costs for some of its newer stores may be greater than the stores it developed earlier in its history, it continues to avoid high-end commercial real estate investments. Target's relative cost position does not match Wal-Mart's. Since Target tends to locate its stores in suburban areas, has a different merchandising strategy, and has fewer stores than both of its competitors, all the key cost areas are greater relative to Wal-Mart.

This higher cost position is offset by its strategy of offering what are perceived to be more upscale, and, consequently, higher margin goods. The store is able to do this because many of the lines of merchandise it offers are perceived as competing with department store and shopping mall retailers, which generally charge higher prices than does Target, for the lines they carry. Kmart's recent filing for bankruptcy, and announced plans to lay off 22,000 employees and close at least 284 stores provides ample evidence that the company has a cost management problem. There are problems in each of the key cost components of its operations. With its tendency to locate in more urban areas, and with some parts of the company unionized, Kmart's personnel costs tend to be higher than either of its competitors.

Employee turnover also tends to be higher, since these jobs are still low paying compared to non-retail jobs, and opportunities in denser areas for better paying employment are somewhat better for qualified workers. Kmart's scale should provide it with a strong hand in negotiating favorable prices for its merchandise, but it seems to have taken some mis-steps when compared to Wal-Mart. In particular, the company is closing down many of its 'Jumbo's stores that sold grocery items in addition to the dry goods found in its traditional stores. So while the concept of getting greater 'share of wallet' from a Kmart shopper had a certain appeal, Kmart's operations were not tuned appropriately to handle perishables and non-dry goods, along with its traditional lines of merchandise. As mentioned earlier, Kmart also suffers from the problem of using Target's approach of merchandising with its Martha Stewart product lines, and using a low price approach for the other lines in its stores. This mixed message appears to have confused customers, and needs to be carefully examined by the company leadership as it transitions from bankruptcy.

Kmart's automation and distribution system is also quite formidable, but Wal-Mart appears to have a stronger management group overseeing this portion of the operation, and simply does a better job of keeping costs low and leveraging information more effectively to keep a high inventory turn ratio. Kmart tends to have relatively more stores, than does Wal-Mart, in the Northeast and Upper Midwest, where winter weather conditions can contribute to greater costs of doing business as compared to the Sun Belt, where Wal-Mart has a disproportionately higher presence. With a more urban skew toward its store locations, Kmart faces other cost disadvantages in addition to personnel costs. Costs of real estate, local taxes, and developing and maintaining support infrastructure for urban stores are greater than for a store found in a less dense location. STRATEGY DEPLOYED The discount merchandising business is huge, and consequently can be divided into various segments for analytical purposes. Geography, target demographic groups, and merchandise offerings are key to this category.

Geographically, Wal-Mart took more of a rural focus, Target stores tended to focus on suburban locations, and Kmart historically concentrated its stores in denser urban areas-all three companies providing greater selection and lower prices to people who previously had only local retailers or shopping malls for their shopping needs. Over time, each company has 'muscled into' the others' territories, so it is common to see two, or even all three, of these retailers located in close proximity to each other in different communities, especially in suburbia. While at a high level, the participants served by all the three companies are the same (retail consumers), the target demographics have different roots with each retailer. While Wal-Mart has positioned itself toward families with children and Target has focused on younger women (ages 25-40) and teenage d girls, Kmart tends to reach out more toward minorities and others who are found in greater proportions in urban areas (in fact, Kmart has recently announced a renewed effort to reach this audience.) While these target groups also overlap to various degrees, there are distinctions found in each which the stores attempt to leverage. In terms of the respective company's merchandising process, Wal-Mart takes a consistent low cost provider position and selects products that meet this formula. Target positions itself as offering higher end and unique merchandise and fashion items at more affordable prices.

Both companies are very effective in understanding what appeals to their customers (the 'discover' component of Process in the Value Framework), negotiating effectively with their suppliers to develop product offerings that meet their overall missions, and performing quite effectively at the store level in managing the merchandise and promoting it to its shoppers. Kmart finds itself being squeezed in by its two merchandising competitors. For example, its Martha Stewart lines of household products would suggest a strategy that parallels Target's. However, since it tends to serve lower income households, their target audience is highly motivated to get bargain prices. Since its distribution system is less cost effective than Wal-Mart's, Kmart's margins are severely eroded when it attempts to compete head-to-head with Wal-Mart on price. It is unclear how good a fit the Martha Stewart image is for the urban, minority audience that comprises an estimated 39% of Kmart's current revenues.

This may become even more problematic for Kmart as it re-trenches by shutting down suburban stores and intensifying it marketing efforts to reach this audience. What's more, both Target and Wal-Mart have taken the Martha Stewart approach to certain lines of merchandise. For example, Wal-Mart now offers the Mary Kate and Ashley line of clothing and accessories for teenage d girls. Target has used its attractive red logo to develop 'Private Label' lines of merchandise with a distinct, somewhat irreverent 'personality. ' Target also features clothing categories with designer names that sell in higher end fashion boutiques with different lines of merchandise. More important is how these companies are using the Internet to manage their vendors across the supply chain.

All three companies have Internet sites and provide e-commerce for their customers. From a functionality standpoint, there appear to be more similarities than differences among them. Each company has taken a different approach to how its Web sites are organized. Wal-Mart. com is a joint venture between Wal-Mart and the venture capital firm Accel Partners, and operates out of Silicon Valley, not in Wal-Mart's Arkansas headquarters. Kmart has had several different approaches for its Blue Light. com site, and although it remains based in San Francisco (Kmart is headquartered in Michigan), more of the strategic decisions are now being made in Troy. Target from the start has kept its Web operations at its Minnesota headquarter offices, and has not attempted to create a stand-alone entity as its two competitors originally have.

All three have significant initiatives to take advantage of this opportunity. Wal-Mart is furthest along, and uses its larger scale to leverage its vendors to do more business with it via the Internet. Since the fashion and design component of Target's merchandise is a critical part of its store's strategy, design collaboration with its vendors, and inventory management of these items is the most sophisticated part of its Internet strategy. Kmart is also increasing its investment and commitment to the Internet, and it can actually take advantage of its competitors' efforts as they are often the ground breakers for the same vendors that Kmart does business with.

FOURTH-QUARTER PROFIT INCREASED 14 PERCENT AT KMART. (Business / Financial Desk) (COMPANY NEWS) (Brief Article) Full Text: COPYRIGHT 2005 The New York Times Company Kmart said yesterday that it posted a $309 million profit in the fiscal fourth quarter, a 14 percent increase over the period a year earlier. The retailer, which is expected to soon complete its acquisition of Sears, Roebuck, said that sales at stores open at least a year, or same-store sales, fell but that the pace of decline was less than in the two previous periods. Kmart, based in Troy, Mich., earned $3.09 a share in the quarter ended Jan. 26, compared with $2.78 a share a year earlier. Revenue fell 7 percent to $5.9 billion. Same-store sales, which are considered a good measure of a retailer's health, declined 4.5 percent.

Kmart's 10 Deadly Sins. (Editorial) (Book Review) Tony L isanti Full Text: COPYRIGHT 2003 Reproduced with permission of the copyright holder. Further reproduction or distribution is prohibited without permission. The latest retail book to be released is the fourth major book so far this year that focuses on the nation's largest and most prominent retail companies. Over the past several months, books have been released on Wal-Mart, Target and Best Buy (see DSN Retailing Today, June 18, page 11) that were all positive stories about successful retail strategies oftentimes providing a solid historical perspective and business insight with little mention of controversial issues. The latest book, 'Kmart's 10 Deadly Sins: How Incompetence Tainted an American Icon,' by Marcia Layton Turner (Wiley), is quite obviously from its title the complete opposite to the aforementioned books.

In fact, the preface begins asking the question 'Where did Kmart go wrong?' as the author points out that this is the central question she tries to answer 'for myself and others seeking to understand how an industry pioneer became a laggard. ' Turner then asks, 'What caused the company's prospects to become so bleak that bankruptcy protection was the only answer? Some say the answer is Chuck Conaway... ' 'Out of what looks like pure greed, former managers pushed Kmart into bankruptcy by draining the corporate coffers, in the process giving themselves extensive compensation packages and embarking on ill-advised price wars. ' Well, the opening salvo of the book quickly sets the tone for readers and has them immediately immersed in the downfall of Kmart and clamoring for more of the sordid details. Unfortunately, Kmart's 10 Deadly Sins never really fulfills that initial interest the author creates for the scintillating details, but instead it falls into a rather mundane second- and third-hand account of the often told stories of the problems that Kmart faced throughout its history.

It extols the what ifs and rehashes the could a, should a, would a syndrome. Turner, who is also the author of 'The Unofficial Guide to Starting a Small Business,' no doubt did her research and obviously spent hundreds of hours interviewing retail experts as well as searching news archives. Her due diligence is immediately apparent as Chapter One, entitled 'Br.