Motives For Early Christian Pilgrimage example essay topic

Motives for Pilgrimage Many questions are a raised when flipping throughout the history of the religion of Christianity. Why did Christians fight so long against Pagan rulers? Why did their religion mean so much to them, they would risk their life for it? Maybe by narrowing the questions down possible answers can be developed. Possibility one starting point can be, what are the motives for early Christian pilgrimage? Pilgrimages are an essential part of Human culture and are defined, as is a mission to come closer to the Supreme and to experience a communion with God.

Usually they are made to some sacred place as an act of religious devotion. These missions hold extremely great merit to many Christians as they provided a gateway to their holy land. During much of the Roman Empire, practice of the Religion of Christianity was outlawed. Up until the time of Constantine it could lead to your death, and it happened very frequently.

However the faith still stayed stalwart and people started to become curious of the areas listed in the bible. Eusibeus gave information of Melito, a man from Sardis, who happens to be the earliest known pilgrim to date. He made his travel around 150. There is not a lot of information that is given about his journey, but the info that was salvaged was mentioned. The purpose of his mission was to establish an accurate analysis to the Old Testament. He was more interested in the Jewish traditions on his trip.

Hunt gave a view of Melito's journey by stating"; The past which he went in search of was the narrative of the Bible, and this he expected to see mapped out in contemporary Palestine. Only a handful of non-biblical reminiscences appear to have caught the pilgrims attention in his travels". ; So the motive that drove Melito was the interests of the places mentioned in the bible. While Melito was tagged as the earliest known of the Pilgrims, Helena carries the distinction of being the most popular Pilgrim. Helena was the mother of Constantine, who was the man responsible for the Religion of Christianity being accepted in the Roman Empire. The story of Helena holds lots of merit, but there is no one that has linked Helena to any of this.

On her pilgrimage she traveled to Palestine and Jerusalem. An article by David Hendin had a list of the many things that Helena has said to have done. They include: -- Proclaimed the actual path Jesus took on his way to the cross, the Via Dolorosa, and declared the precise spots of all of the fourteen Stations of the Cross; -- Found at least several pieces of the true cross itself; -- Identified the spot near the Sea of Galilee where the miracle of fish and loaves occurred; -- Confirmed the place where Jesus stood when he gave his Sermon on the Mount; -- Marked the place of the Annunciation, where Mary learned that she would give birth to Jesus; -- And she also identified places where Joseph's carpentry shop stood, where Jesus was born, the field in which the shepherds saw the Bethlehem Star, and the inn of the Good Samaritan E. D Hunt believed there was supplementary information to her pilgrimage that she embarked on, other than interest in seeing the Holy Land. He gives out the reason that she wanted to please her son Constantine when he became the new emperor in Rome, and please his family who have came to embrace the Christian faith. The Christian Empire was die ing at the time, and she used that as a motive to seek the areas of the New Testament.

There is no actual date of when her pilgrimage took place, but it was believed to have taken place after 325, when Constantine name Christianity as the official religion. At the time Helena was an old lady and she died shortly after her return at the age of eighty in 329. Before Helena's pilgrimage information on others that took place in the 2nd and 3rd can be misleading. A there were others on record besides Melito that are worth mentioning, but religion was not always the prime motive for their travels.

Kenneth G. Holum explained that during the time Hadrian was leading, which was the span of 117-139, he spent over half of that time on the road. Along with him he had plenty of guard, friends, and assistants join him. He traveled to Sicily and climbed Mt. Aetna, visited statues in Memnon, and visited famous tombs in Bithynia.

In almost every city he stopped in he built something and held athletic events. It was said that during a trip between Athens and Egypt he helped to rebuild roads. This shows that the primary motive that drove Hadrian was trying be a man of the people and helping out the Roman Empire with whatever he could do. Evidence to support this comes from J.M.C. Toynbee who stated: The most striking, significant and familiar feature of his reign were one of the ways he worked out his conception of the empire as a vast unit, a brotherhood of fellow citizens of the world living together on equality in prosperity and peace, under the aegis of a beneficent central government. There are reasons why actually going on a pilgrimage before Helena was not a popular decision for a Christian in the 2nd and 3rd century.

Holum speaks of this by describing the dates of the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 and the Bar Koch ba revolt of 132-135. These events barred Christians from going to the cities of Jerusalem and Judea by imperial rule. These cities were the areas where most of the events of the New Testament were said to have occurred. Although of this event a few 20th century scholars came forward to give names of people that went on pilgrimages during this time frame. E.D. Hunt was one of these modern scholars who gave credit to the pilgrims of this time of establishing grounds Christian Pilgrimage as a tradition that would be carried on by others.

Of the notable people that went on these pilgrimages during this time were Clement of Alexandria, Origen, Melito, whom I already spoke of earlier, and Alexander. The information on these individuals was not written until over a hundred years after these events occurred so it is unclear if the motive for their voyage was really to see the Holy Land. The successes of Helena's journey inspired many other voyages. The fact of going on a pilgrimage doesn't necessarily ensure a promising environment to work in. Reports have shown the routes people took did not always make it to the places where the holy land was situated. The main holy land area was situated in what was referred as the "cockpit area", which was the land which was found between the Mediterranean world and the routes to the east, to Mesopotamia.

Taking a look at the motives that drove most of the people that voyaged on these mission, the response came back time and time again the main motive for pilgrimage was that the person who embarked on this journey had an undoing interest in the places where the events in the bible took place. The early pilgrim Melito found interest in the Old Testament places, while Helena decided go find the significant places that marked the life of Jesus. Hagith S. Sivan wrote some interesting things to add the book Blessings of Pilgrimage. He added", ... it would be difficult to explain the spread of monasticism in the area, the active involvement of monks and priests in hosting and guiding pilgrims, and the response of pilgrims to the wide-scale "promotion" of the Holy Land". So, to add motive for Christians in that time monks and priests were pushing them towards taking pilgrimages. By these acts the people who depart on these trips can really show their true faith.

Bibliography

Brown, Peter. Religion and Society in the Age of St. Augustine. London, 1972.
Eusebius. The History of the Church. England: Penguin Group, 1989.
Hendin, David. "Helena, the First Christian Pilgrim" web Kenneth G. "Hadrian and St. Helena: Imperial Travel and the Origins of Christian Holy Land Pilgrimage", The Blessings of Pilgrimage. U. of Illinois, 1990.
Hunt, E.D. Holy Land Pilgrimage in the Later Roman Empire. Clarendon Press Oxford, 1982 Toynbee, J.
M.C., The Hadrian ic School: A Chapter in the History of Greek Art, Cambridge 1934 Sivan, Hagith.
Pilgrimage, Monasticism, and the Emergence of Christian Palestine in the 4th Century". The Blessings of Pilgrimage. U. of Illinois, 1990.