Nuclear Explosion example essay topic

A nuclear explosion is caused by the release of energy in an atom, either through fission or fusion. Fission weapons cause an explosion by the splitting of atomic nuclei. This happens when a neutron collides with the nucleus of an atom. The protons in the nucleus are transformed into a great amount of energy and two or three more neutrons are sent out, which go on to split other nuclei. If this continues, a chain reaction will occur. The result is a gigantic explosion.

To form a chain reaction, a certain amount of material is needed. This amount is known as the critical mass. If the amount is too small it is called a subcritical mass. The critical mass of a material depends on its purity. The materials used in making fission weapons are uranium and plutonium. They are the only elements able to be used in making a fission weapon.

The destructive power in fusion weapons comes from the combining of very light atoms, such as hydrogen. The atoms of the element are fused, and they release a great amount of energy. The element must first be heated to a temperature of 50 million degrees Celsius. The only way to do this, without using more energy than is produced, is to use a fission explosion.

So, a ball of hydrogen is surrounded by either uranium or plutonium and then by a non-nuclear explosive. The explosive is set off, and it causes the uranium or plutonium to react through fission, which in turn causes the hydrogen to fuse. Once again, the result is a colossal explosion meant for mass destruction. The three main effects that would follow a nuclear explosion are blast, thermal radiation or heat, and radiation. The very first thing to happen is the formation of a fireball. The fireball gives off the thermal radiation that cremates anything within a quarter mile and ignites any and all flammable materials within ten miles.

The thermal radiation can cause eye injuries as well as skin burns called flash burns. Between 20 and 30 percent of the deaths at Hiroshima and Nagasaki were caused by flash burns. When the fireball begins to dissipate it forms a blast wave that travels away from the explosion at speeds up to 400 miles per hour. This destroys most building within 6 miles. It also kills most people within 3 miles and severely injures or kills most people up to 6 miles away.

After the initial damage caused by the explosion, radiation permeates. It made up of the neutrons that were left over after the explosion. When these neutrons come in contact with living cells they severely damage or even destroy them. Anyone exposed to large amounts of radiation will usually die. If not, the exposed persons will have a shortened lifespan, and most likely develop various forms of cancer. The radiation also destroys portions of DNA codes in the radiation victims, causing genetic mutations.

Due to this, in any future generations, that is if the person lives long enough to produce any offspring, the chances of genetic mutations are greatly increased. Some scientists believe that the debris and smoke from the fires after a nuclear war would cause a worldwide cooling of the planet, which is known as a nuclear winter. For this reason, the nations at war would not be the only ones to suffer. Research from the 1980's shows that the dust and the smoke caused by nuclear war would absorb a large fraction of the sunlight and the sun's heat from the earth's surface. The temperature on earth would drop several degrees. This ecological disaster would obliterate plant life and seriously endanger the existence of all mankind.

In the months that it would take for the smoke to clear up, the overall population of the earth would be dramatically low. web 761570062 1/Nuclear Weapons. html web rio. htm.