Organic Compounds B Hydrocarbons 1 example essay topic
364 words
Chapter 13 Organic and Biological Compounds I. Simple Organic Compounds A. Organic Compounds 1. Most compounds that contain the element carbon are organic compounds. Ie: More than 90% of all compounds are organic compounds. 2. The word organic comes from the word organism. Ie: At one time, scientists assumed that only living organisms could produce organic compounds. B. Hydrocarbons 1. The chemical formula to methane is CH 4. Ie: Found in natural gas used by most people. 2. Hydrocarbons containing only single-bounded carbon atoms are called saturated hydrocarbons. Ie: Is joined by single covalent bonds. 3.
Hydrocarbons, such as ethane and ethyne, that contain at least one double or triple bond between carbon atoms are called unsaturated hydrocarbons. Ie: Fats and oils are classified as unsaturated hydrocarbons. C. Isomers 1. Another hydrocarbon also has the same chemical formula as butane. Ie: The chemical formula for butane is C 4 H 10.2. Isomers are compounds that have identical formulas but different molecular structures and shapes. Ie: There are thousands of isomers in hydrocarbons.
II. Other Organic Compounds A. Aromatic Compounds 1. An aromatic compound is a compound that contains the benzene ring structure. Ie: The chemical formula for benzene is C 6 H 6.2.
Knowing the structure of benzene can help you picture hundreds of different aromatic organic compounds. Ie: One example is naphthalene. B. Substituted Hydrocarbons 1. A substituted hydrocarbon has one or more of its hydrogen atoms replaced by atoms of other elements. Ie: A compound used in dry cleaning, tetrachloroethene, is a substituted hydrocarbon. 2. The prefix tetra means "four", and chloro- refers to chlorine.
Ie: Tetrachloroethene 3. An alcohol is formed when -OH groups replace one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon. Ie: Alcohol. Alternative Sources of Energy A. Why Not New Fuels 1. Biomass refers to all animal and plant material, both dead and alive.
Ie: Wood, leaves, animal and human wastes, and food are all biomass. Biogas is mainly methane, just like natural gas.
