Pope's An Essay On Man example essay topic

"An Essay on Man" by English poet Alexander Pope is a philosophical poem, which was published, in the 18th century during a historical period called the Enlightenment. A huge emphasis was placed on the ability to think and reason during the Enlightenment. People during this era reflected about a variety of topics. Some people concerned themselves with the issue of God, which consequently caused many to question the church. Others were concerned with the organization of the Universe, and man's place within that Universe.

Often times, a literary work can reflect the thoughts and feelings of the society during the period in which it was written. In "An Essay on Man", Pope effectively illustrates the major concerns of the people during the Enlightenment when he addresses man's ability o reason and think for himself, and speculates about man's place in the world, as part of the "great chain of being". The ability to reason was the central focus of the Enlightenment also called "The Age of Reason". Pop begins the poem by appealing to the logic and reason of his audience. He writes, Together let us beat this ample field, / Try to open, what the convert yield" (lines 9-10). Pope encourages his audience to use the reason they have been given to examine those things that they have been advised against.

To reason against those things that have been kept hidden to them. He is trying to bring them into the 18th century, asking them to look for evidence in the knowledge they receive, rather than allowing the church (or other institutions) to spoon-feed them all of their knowledge. Pope's attempt, in writing "An Essay on Man" was to "vindicate the ways of God to Man" (Wilkie and Hurt 292) and warn that man himself is not, dissipate what pride would allow him to believe, the center of all things. The concept of "the great chain of being" is well represented in Pope's "An Essay on Man".

Pope addresses the issue of man's place in the Universe when he, "vast chain of being which from God Began, / Nature's ethereal, human, angel, man... ". (lines 237-238). Pope expresses his opinion that a man's place in the Universe is within Nature's chain. Therefore, man is just a link in that chain. Pope sets out to demonstrate that no matter how imperfect the world seems to man that it is in fact a perfect work of God.

It appears imperfect to humans only due to the fact that their perceptions are limited because they " re not supposed to be able to completely understand the world. His conclusion is that humans must learn to "accept their position in the great chain of being - a middle state, below that of angels but above that of the beasts" (Wilkie and hurt 292). A prime example of Pope's failure to follow his own advice appears in the first epistle:" Better for Us, perhaps, it might appear, Were there all harmony, all virtue here... But ALL subsists by elemental strife; and Passions are the elements of Life". (lines 165-168) If Pope were reasoning from what he knows, he could only conclude that suffering and imperfection were senseless, because it appears that harmony and virtue would be better for man. Yet, Pope does not confess that discord and vice are beyond his comprehension. Nor does he respond to their existence by insisting that men submit to God's wisdom, trusting that He has reasons, however incomprehensible to man, for what He does.

Instead, Pope tries to explain the reason. He argues that we are not surrounded with all harmony and virtue because strife is necessary for anything to exist. Tension between good and evil is essential to creation, and life can not endure without varying passions. Pope's explanation, however, proves inadequate. One could easily ask why God did not create the world so that it could exist just as well without strife.

Certainly He is capable of creating a world with both order and harmony. Surprisingly, Pope's failure to follow his own advice does not injure his argument. In fact, the very inadequacy of Pope's explanations demonstrates the necessity of submitting. Man should not struggle for answers, because any answer he can produce will prove insufficient. He can only trust that God is just, and that whatever evil He permits, He permits for a valid reason.

Perhaps Pope realizes this himself for a moment at the end of the second epistle. For he does not conclude by attempting to explain the existence of evil. Rather, he says only that 'one comfort still must rise, / 'Tis this, Tho' Man's a fool, yet GOD IS WISE' (lines 292-293). In the end, it is better to believe that every man (including Pope) is a fool for failing to explain evil than to believe that God is not wise for allowing it.

This couplet is one further proof of the Christian influence in Pope's 'An Essay on Man. ' It is important to examine literature, because literature is often the best reflection of the people during the time in which it was written. Pope's "An Essay on man" was written during the Enlightenment (also called The Age of Reason), and reflects the thoughts and attitudes of the people who lived during the time. Pope addresses man's ability to reason, reason being the central focus of the Enlightenment.

Pope believes that man's place in the Universe is best understood in the context of a hierarchy of things. Through these gradations, Pope conveys that man is not the core of all things, but he is not the lowest of the low either. Instead Pope proposes that man's rightful place in the world is somewhere in the middle, and the sooner he realizes this the sooner he can lead happier and more virtuous lives. Through Pope's analytical and philosophical approach to man in the context of the Universe, he exemplifies the characteristics of the Enlightenment.