President Kennedy And Chairman Khrushchev example essay topic

1. Cuban Missile Crisis. Khrushchev, and the Russian military, placed nuclear offensive missiles into Cuba. A U-2 plane taking pictures over Cuba spotted the missile camps in Cuba, and brought it to the attention of the President. After a meeting with Russian officials, the Russian's assured that the missiles were for defensive purposes only. The U.S. officials knew that the missiles were nuclear and for offensive purposes.

So, instead of bombing the area before the missiles were ready, like the White House officials wanted, President Kennedy decided to put a quarantine line on the border of Cuba, to stop Russian ships from delivering nuclear equipment. As the ships got closer and closer to the line, Khrushchev wanting to avoid war, called the ships to turn around. After 2 letters, to and from Khrushchev, Kennedy agreed, that if the Russians dismantled the missiles, and got the equipment out of Cuba, the U.S. would get their missiles out of Turkey, within 6 months. B. After 2 meetings with President Kennedy, Chairman Khrushchev had observed that Kennedy was weak, and would back down to anything that Khrushchev do. In trying to avoid war, and pretty much mass destruction of half the war, President Kennedy and Chairman Khrushchev ended the crisis by agreeing to remove missiles from Cuba and Turkey respectively. C. To bomb the area in Cuba, where the missiles were, when they were first discovered. - He wanted to avoid a war. To either bomb the area, or to set up a quarantine line - he wanted to avoid war.

To move the quarantine line back - Kennedy wanted to give the Russians more time to avoid war. Not to alert Congress of the situation that is going on in Cuba - to avoid mass chaos in the U.S.D. One of the biggest policies that Kennedy had was that he would not back down. After the 2 meetings with Khrushchev, Kennedy wanted to prove that he wasn't a weak President. Another was that Kennedy wanted to hold strong to the Monroe Doctrine, which said that no one would 'mess'; with the Western Hemisphere unless, the U.S. knew about it.

Also see C.E. Kennedy didn't inform Congress of the crisis, because he knew that if they knew no decisions would be made. The 'old'; policy said that everything that the President does must have the approval of Congress. The 'new'; policy states that: Under nuclear threat, the President has the right to make decisions with out approval of Congress F. Kennedy didn't want to seem weak, and had to make a stand. G. The first letter (actually from Khrushchev) - said that the Russians would pull the missiles out of Cuba if the U.S. promised to not invade Cuba. The second letter (not written, but forged by Khrushchev) - said that the Russian would pull the missiles out of Cuba if and only if the U.S. would pull their missiles out of Turkey. H.I. Possible lessons learned 1. Time - You need as much time to come up with a situation... also giving the opponent time to back off. 2.

Need for more than just one opinion, but not too many to come up with solution 3. Placing ourselves in the other person's shoes. (How will the person / side react?) Bay of Pigs In 1961, Cuban exiles, which were against Castro, were ready to sail to Cuba and to help the U.S. take over Cuba. The U.S. sent soldiers over to Cuba to help to exiles, but the Cuban people did not help. U.S. soldiers were either killed or captured. The U.S. did nothing.

Because of this event Khrushchev looked at President Kennedy at weak. Why Khrushchev thought that Kennedy was weak In 1961 - The Bay of Pigs situation... U.S. soldiers died, Kennedy did nothing In 1961 - The Berlin wall goes up... Kennedy still does nothing In 1961 - Pres. Kennedy and Chair. Khrushchev meet in Vienna... Kennedy not sharp in his answers to Khrushchev, so Khrushchev believes that he can do what ever he wants because Kennedy will back down.

Why was putting the missiles into Cuba an embarrassment to the U.S.? Went against the Monroe Doctrine of 1823 that said no one would 'mess'; with the Western Hemisphere unless, the U.S. knew about it It was right on the U.S.'s doorstep 2. Africa Apartheid Def - A minority having complete control over the majority Historical Background on the Apartheid-1652 - Group of white settlers from Europe landed in South Africa in a manifest destiny (moving from east to west coast) -Long war breaks out between settlers and the Zulus... war ended 1879 (settlers won) -Because of war small white minority rules over South Africa -Apartheid put people against them into jail, with no intention of letting them out -Through the cold war the U.S. supported the Apartheid (Because they were pro-U.S.) -1980's Reagan Administration told Apartheid to change... They try and fall apart & people in jail that opposed the Apartheid were released) -1994 South Africa has its first election (Nelson Mandela wins for President) South Africa becomes a Democratic Capitalistic society How did the Apartheid break up black families in South Africa? 1867 - Diamonds were discovered in South Africa government went into towns and got people to work in the mines 1886 - Gold was found government went into towns and got more people to work as miners 3.

China Historical Background on China (Hong Kong) 1940's China was an ally to the U.S. China ran by a Dictator - Chiang Kai-she Mid 1940's - A communist rebellion starts small but grows very large (led by Mao) 1949- The communists push Kai-she and his men all the way to the border (Hong Kong) and Kai-she is left with only two options: 1) Stand tall and fight (Kai-she and all his men and families will die)... or 2) move to the island east of China (Taiwan) Kai-she moves army and families to Taiwan and all of China becomes communist In 1979 Taiwan becomes known in the U.N. as the Chinese Republic Stood until 1970... when President Carter asked that the U.N. sees Taiwan as China... The U.N. agreed Cater said that they would protect Taiwan. (U.S. sends planes along Taiwan to make sure China doesn't invade) China is experimenting on putting communism and capitalism together (in the area of Hong Kong) Constructive Engagement (U.S. foreign policy with China) The U.S. will continue to talk and trade with China and long as that try to change their ways. Polish Disease In Poland people started to rebel against the government, because it was a communist government. When word of this got through to other countries, the people in other countries started to rebel as well.

Country after country started to change over to capitalism. When this wave hit China, the Chinese government didn't want this rebellion to happen, so they brought out their tanks to stop the people for trying to change the way the government works.