Readers Distaste For Satan example essay topic

Satan, as a character, has been satirized, mocked and made foolish in our modern world. John Milton, however, presents quite a different Satan from the devil-on-your-shoulder image people are used to seeing. In Paradise Lost, Milton draws on the Bible for his source of Satans character, thereby creating a horrifyingly corrupt Satan. Despite this portrayal, readers often find themselves sympathizing with Satans cause, and his determination, viewing him as a hero for his cause, as evidenced by his long, brave speeches. Later, however Satans speeches begin to show signs of regret, making the reader question their initial reaction to him. In the end the image of Satan is further skewed by his own incriminating speech.

Thus, the speeches of Satan, which initially draw readers to be supportive of his plight, later reveal his truly destructive character, resulting in the reader disliking Satan more than if he initially presented himself as a coward. Early on in Paradise Lost, Satan is found in conversation with his right hand man, Beelzebub, plotting another attack on Heaven. In this conversation, Satan establishes himself as a defender of freedom, a role that is attractive to readers. This is demonstrated in his speech in Book 1, where he says, describing Hell: Here at least We shall be free; th Almighty hath not built Here for his envy, will not drive us hence: Here we may reign secure, and in my choice To reign is worth ambition though in Hell: Better to reign in Hell, than to serve in Heavn (1.258-263) Readers admire Satans independent attitude, that he feels he would rather be free and reign in Hell, than be under someone elses authority in Heaven. This speech elevates Satan in the minds of readers to hero status, willing to defend what he believes in, even if it means suffering. His advocacy of freedom gains him reader support, which serves useful later in the poem whe Milton uses this perception to highlight Satans destructive attitude.

Milton is able to do this because it is always worse, and more shocking to see a liked individual reveal himself to be bad, than to always know a bad individual to be bad. Thus, the initial support that Satan gains from readers is designed to alienate him further when his evil side prevails. As the character of Satan progresses, the reader becomes less willing to accept Satans goal of freedom of choice. This is largely due to Satans own words regarding his actions. In Book IV Satan is found reflecting on his actions, and wonders if he made the right decision in rebelling against God. He says: how glorious once above thy sphere; Till pride and worse ambition threw me down Warring in Heavn against Heavn matchless King: Ah Wherefore! he deserved no such return From me, whom he created what I was In that bright eminence, and with his good Upbraided non, nor was his service hard (4.39-45) Looking back, Satan sees that his actions against God were not fully justified.

He recalls how glorious things were, even calling God the matchless King. He further decides that things were better than he thought, noting that the service was not bad, and that he probably owed service to God for creating him. After thinking about this, though, Satan attempts to justify his actions by saying O had his powerful destiny ordained / Me some inferior angel, I had stood / Then happy; no unbounded hope had raised / Ambition (4.58-61). Satan feels that it was his prominent position that forced him to become so ambitious, and that none of these feelings would have emerged if he had been a lesser angel. This inner battle leads the reader to become slightly suspicious about Satans description of himself in earlier books, and their own interpretation of his earlier words. It becomes difficult to view Satan as a hero, when his own words call into doubt everything for which he stands.

While Satans ultimate decision is to carry through with his plan, the reader is invited to look through this decision, and see the illogic in his decision. In Book IX, the destructive side of Satan is finally revealed in full. It is this side of Satan, again seen through his own words, that corrects any leaning to the view that Satan is a hero. It is in this book that the true motives of Satans plan to corrupt man are finally revealed, and these motives are anything but heroic.

He describes the hatred behind his plan, stealing any credibility he may have built up in readers. Satans hate, and passion for ruin is seen in his speech shortly before meeting Eve in the Garden. Here he says: And the more I see Pleasures bout me, so much more I feel Torment within me, as from the hateful siege Of contraries; all good to me becomes Bane, and in Heavn much worse would be my state. But neither here seek I, no nor in Heavn To dwell, unless by mastering Heavn Supreme; Nor hope to be myself less miserable By what I seek, but others to make such As I, though thereby worse to me redound: (9.119-128) Any traits that may have allowed readers to view Satan as a hero, disappear in this speech.

Here Satan says that, to him, all pleasure is hate, and that hes not content anywhere. Most horrifyingly is Satans statement that his goal is not to make himself less miserable, but only to make others more miserable. These are not words of a hero. They are words of a wholly evil being, whose only goal is corruption and destruction.

Satans goal of freedom of choice has been lost in his hate. This aspect of Satan serves as the final stage in a readers transition from viewing Satan as the brave leader of a just cause, to viewing him as a lowly coward. Thus, when the character of Satan is traced through its evolution of Paradise Lost, the reason behind the order of development can be seen. Milton desire to create a strong hatred of Satan is achieved best by highlighting Satans good points first. Then, when Satans real character begins to emerge, the reader is appalled at the actions of their hero, causing them to dislike him more than had he originally been a bad character. The readers distaste for Satan is strengthened by Satans shift in motives.

The conquering of humans, which he originally presented as a rebellion against God and his authoritative rule, later came to be about pure corruption and hate. Its therefore possible to say that if Satan had never given up on his original reasoning, he would still be the hero of Paradise Lost.

Bibliography

Milton, John. Paradise Lost. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Ed. A.H. Abrams. New York. W. W Norton and Company, Inc 2000.
1817-2044.