Search For Truth And Knowledge example essay topic

What is Truth? For thousands of years, mankind has persistently pursued truth, knowledge, and understanding. For most, this pursuit is a driving force which usually doesn't end until one finds a "truth" that is satisfying to him or her. Even then, however, one may choose to look for an alternate truth that may be even more satisfying to them. This pursuit does not always follow the same path for everyone as there are different ideas as to how truth is actually obtained and which is the best way to obtain it. Two individuals and great philosophers of their time, Plato and Charles Peirce, each had their own ideas on how truth and knowledge could be obtained.

One of the main differences between Plato's and Peirce's philosophies regarding truth is that Plato believed truth is founded in knowledge while Peirce believed knowledge could never be obtained. Plato believed that everyone possesses knowledge and the realization of this knowledge could be achieved through recollection. This was demonstrated in Plato's Meno when Socrates presented the "square of double size" question to the slave boy. Socrates did not teach the slave boy how to get the answer, he merely asked the boy a series of questions and the boy came to the right answer through recollection. In this way, the boy already possessed the knowledge to answer the question correctly. With this philosophy, truth is past-oriented.

Past experiences and universal knowledge is the key to truth. Plato also had the philosophy of dyadic intuitionism. Intuition, Plato believed, is the basis of knowledge. Logical progressions need not be made to determine relationships and discover truth. Plato was closer to the side of the "Realm of Being" as opposed to the "Realm of Becoming". The 'Realm of Being" is eternal, involves recollection and acquisition of knowledge, and consists of a more optimistic view of truth.

Peirce, on the other hand, believed that true knowledge could never be obtained. He believed that truth was future oriented. Peirce's preferred method of pursuing truth was the scientific method. This method consists of forming a hypothesis and trying to disprove the hypothesis through practical evidence. Although Peirce thought the scientific method was the best approach to search for truth, he believed that it could only be used to disprove a hypothesis, and that nothing could be proven for certain. It is through this idea that his belief that knowledge can never be obtained is founded.

The hypothesis is open to error through induction as was demonstrated in class through the use of the "black swan" example. No matter how many white swans are observed, there still is the possibility of a black swan existing that has not been discovered yet, so there is no absolutely certain way to say that all swans are white. Peirce believes in triadic interpretation, in which an interpretive process is used to discover truth, as opposed to mere intuition. It is through this belief that he founded his pragmatic philosophy, in which truth lies within observable practical consequences. By observing something's practical effects and habits it produces, Pierce believed the meaning of that thing could be found.

If two beliefs have the same practical effect, Peirce argues that in essence they are the same belief and no further practical argument can exist. He offers an example in his article How to Make Ideas Clear of Catholics and Protestants who disagree on methods of worship but agree on the sensible effects of the worship (i.e. those who believe Jesus is the Son of God will go to Heaven). Peirce deems this argument to be foolish because the sensible effects are the same. Although Plato and Peirce had differing philosophies on truth, they both used the community to help discover it. As shown through Plato's writings of Socrates' dialogues, the community was used as a type of forum for discussion for Plato and Socrates.

They were trying to come up with solutions through speaking with members of the community in hope that the greater truth could be reached by collective reasoning and recollection. Peirce believes that a social relation among believers as well as individual connections is necessary to find truth. Peirce argues that through the scientific method, the community's beliefs will eventually converge to one that is most in tune with reality. I tend to agree more with the philosophy of Peirce rather than Plato. The scientific method and pragmatism will lead to a greater understanding than relying on intuition and recollection. With the scientific method the results can be seen and progress can be made more easily through the disproving of hypotheses.

I believe that truth is gained a posteriori, or after experience. I will use rape as an example to show my belief. I have never experienced rape, but I know that it is bad. This may sound like a priori but although I have never experienced an actual rape, I have experienced feelings associated with rape that makes me know that it is bad. Being forced to do something one has no control over and violating their rights, or the trying thereof is something I have experienced and this experience can be translated into the knowledge that rape is ultimately bad. Beliefs should not be so fixed that an end is put to the search for the greater truth.

An open mind should be kept and through rational interpretations and experience I believe the right steps can be taken toward truth and understanding. The search for truth and knowledge will continue forever so long as there are people on the earth. Plato and Peirce provided philosophies to help guide this search. Although different in many ways, both Plato and Peirce realized the importance of looking for truth and not becoming easily fixed in a belief.

This is crucial in the development and progress of all society.