Separates Oral Nasal Cavities example essay topic

442 words
Nose- external nares- nostrils divided by nasal septum- internal nares- opening to nasopharynx- hard palate- separates oral / nasal cavities- soft palate- posterior to hard palate- nasal concha e- projections of nasal cavity that cause turbulence in airflow- effects on humidity temp, filtration, olfactory sense- cilia- swear mucous and trapped particles into pharynx Pharynx- shared chamber- respiratory and digestive nasopharynx, oro pharynx, and larynopharynxLarynx- epiglottis- prevents food from entering the glottis- thyroid cartilage- adams apple- cartilage- posterior support-both protect above Sound- False vc- protect elastic true vocal cords Pitch- length, width, and tension Volume- force of airAomplification and resonance within pharynx, oral and nasal cavities and sinuses Words- formed by tongue, lips, and cheeks Trachea- windpipe is tough flexible tube supported by 20 traced cart. (C shaped rings open to esophagus) Bronchi- primary secondary tertiary and quaternary and quaternary Bronchioles- sympathetic innervation controls constriction and dilation of bronchioles Alveolar ducts open to alveolar sacs to alveoli made of simple squamous e pith. 150 million Alveolar macrophages- engulfing dust and particles- surfactant reduces surface tension within the alveoli to keep them inflated in exhalSquamous e pith of a- basement mem- en doth cap Lungs- right 3 lobe left 2 lobe- apex superior, base on diaphragm- mediastinal surf cardiac notch Pleural Cavities- parietal pleura (covers rib cage) & visceral pleura (covers lungs) are continuous & separated by pleura- reduce fri ct. Step 1- pulmonary ventilation- air into and out Step 2- Gas diffusion across res membrane Step 3- Storage and transport of O and CO 2 Step 4- Exchange of O and CO 2 between blood Pneumothorax- puncture of pleura lining Quiet breathing- inhalation contraction, ex passive- forced breathing- both in eh active Tidal volume- amount of air in and out during one cycle- Expiratory reserve volume- voluntarily expelled at end of cycle- Inspiratory Reserve Volume- taken in above the tidal Vital Capacity = IRV+ERV+TVR V- air after ERV alveoli no collapse MV- air after pneumothorax Nitrogen 78.6% Oxygen 20.8% water vapor. 5% CO 2.04%Parietal pressure- por potion of total press Determines rate of diffusion PN 2+P 02+PH 20+PCO 2 = 760 mg 98.5% of oxygen is bound to hemoglobin- lower O content of tissue, increased temp, and decreased pH the more O 2 is released by Hb plasma transport- 7%hemoglobin binding- 23%carbonic acid oration- sodium bicarbonate- NaH CO 3 is formed in plasma 70%rate of cellular exchange = rate of capillary delivery and removal = rate of O 2 a sorption and CO 2 excretion respiratory rate = # breaths per min- medulla oblong ata controls RRC- inspiratory center (active during quiet) - expiratory center (active only forced breathing).