Signals From A Rat's Brain example essay topic
The team fitted five rats with electrodes in their brains and backpacks containing electronics. For cues, the researchers sent electric signals to brain regions that process impulses from whiskers. For rewards, the researchers stimulated a pleasure center known as the medial forebrain bundle. The researchers put each rat in a maze and, as the animal approached a turning point, stimulated its brain to mimic a whisker touch on one side.
When a rat turned in the direction of the virtual touch, the researchers buzzed the brain's pleasure center. These signals to the pleasure center seemed to spur a rat to go forward, even when the path required climbing steps or hopping off a ledge. 'He learns, 'If I keep moving, I feel these bursts of transcendental happiness,' ' Talwar says. 'The rats figure it out in 5 or 10 minutes. ' The researchers explored the capabilities of this system by steering the rats over a jumble of concrete, across a brightly lit arena that rats would normally avoid, and even up a tree. The rats move far more nimbly than robots can, says Talwar.
The team envisions rescue animals sending back signals that indicate they " ve reached their goal. Robin Murphy, who develops search-and-rescue robots at the University of South Florida in Tampa, says that the wired rat may be useful in experiments, but 'it does not appear to be appropriate for search and rescue. ' Murphy cautions that many practical questions remain, such as how people could guide a rat when it's out of sight and whether virtual rewards can keep it on task amidst distractions. She points out that disaster sites often pose severe hazards for living things, such as scorching temperatures and areas with no oxygen.
Murphy also expresses a personal qualm about sending an animal, even a rat, into danger. 'One of the reasons many of us are in robotics is because robots can reduce the risk to living things,' says Murphy. However, Wilma Melville of the National Disaster Search Dog Foundation in Ojai, Calif., says she sees a need for agile animals in search work. She comments, 'It's long been our realization that cats would be great at this, but who wants to go try to train a cat?'.