Standard Cosmology On A Postulational Basis example essay topic

GENERAL RELATIVITY IS DEAD Milan Meszaros Alpha Group Laboratories Society, Inc. Abstract The intent of the present study is to analize standard cosmology in an immanent mathematical-critical way. First of all, the fundamental statements of this cosmological model will be investigated themselves as well as their r elevation to the theory. Further aims are to reveal the interdependence of different physical disciplines, confrontation of various observations, to elucidate the correlations between observed data and theory and, finally, to analyze this cosmology from the point of view of self-consistency. The study discusses the status of the standard modell.

6. SUMMARY By placing standard cosmology on a postulational basis, we have managed to point out many intriguing inconsistencies. In the absence of the application of the axiomatic method, these contradictions have remained hidden. Within the framework of theory there exist six different and equal in importance differential equation systems to determination of dynamical parameters u, p, and R in the Robertson-Walker universe. The section of sets of solutions of these differential equation systems is the empty set (see Paradox 1).

So the behavior of the Robertson-Walker universe is not determined uniquely by the theory (see Paradox 2). Contrary to generally accepted dogmas, there exist three independent equations (central equation system) which determine unequivocally (u, p, R) without supposing the state equation. Thermodynamically the solutions of the central equation system are false. (See Contradiction 1.) The "not false" solutions contradict the system of axioms.

This is why standard cosmology does not have a single solution compatible with its postulational basis. (See Contradiction 2.) The Hubble law vs. = Hx is not equivalent to the general speed formula V (t): H (t) X (t) as a consequence of mutuality of the model and measurement and observation. Furthermore, the general speed formula and the universal relation of the redshift vs. (t) R (t): = const cannot be deduced from the theory. Finally, there are many arguments against the standard model. The origins of the Hubble law and the 3 K blackbody radiation are unclear; moreover, these are not evidence of standard cosmology.

As a consequence of the violation of causality, it is probable that not one single relativistic model can be adapted to this situation. So the big bang, or "big crunch", means "the collapse of conceptual categories", but not the gravitational collapse of the universe. The question is thus raised: What is the status of the standard model? Standard cosmology can be called ideological, since it does not satisfy the expectancies of exact physical theory, it needs consistency, the exact mathematical description of phenomena, and the possibility of verification and confirmation.

In this manner, after the often metaphysical optimism of a century, we again re tum to the fundamental questions. The authors feel that a theory of cosmology free from the paradoxes of Ollers, Clausius, See liger, and Nos. 1 and 2 above, as well as from Contradictions 1 and 2, and the problems explained in Theorems 10 to 13 and elsewhere, could be conceived by changing the paradigm and accepting the new postulates stated in the system of axioms and Remarks, etc. It seems that cosmology will obtain a strictly scientific status if it becomes an axiomatic al and self-consistent local theory. So we take steps on tending towards the spiritual attitude, which protects the theory from the ideological trespass. The scientific merit of the standard model is that it connects the physical processes in such a way that the logical structure of the universe becomes related to its history. Furthermore, this model is a dynamical cosmology and so raises the notion of genesis of elements.

"If some day the Standard Model is replaced by a better theory, it will probably be because of observations or calculations that drew their motivation from the Standard Model". (103) Suggested Citation Milan Meszaros. "An Inconsistency in Standard Cosmology" Physics Essays 3.3 (1990): 284-304. Available at: web.