Structure Of 3d 5 4's 2 example essay topic
520 words
Name Symbol Electron Configuration Scandium S Titanium TVanadiuChromium C Manganese MIron F Cobalt C Nickel Copper C 10 4's 1 Zinc Z 10 4's 2 As Chromium and Copper are in the fourth period we would expect it to follow the same pattern as the other elements in the same periods as in the 4's sub shell is filled first rather than the 3d sub shell. Chromium (Cr) Expected Electronic ConfigurationActual Electron Configuration The arrangement [Ar] 3d 5 4's 1 is more stable than the arrangement [Ar] 3d 4 4's 2 because the half filled 3d 5 sub level is more stable than the expected 3d 4. Copper (Cu) Expected Electron ConfigurationActual Electron Configuration 10 4's 1 The Arrangement [Ar] 3d 10 4's 1 is more stable than the expected [Ar] 3d 9 4's 2 because the complete 3d 10 sub shell is more stable the incomplete 3d 9 sub shell. Only when the electrons are filling that the 4's orbital is at a lower energy level than the 3d. But once the electrons are actually in their designated shell the energy order changes and the 4's electrons now have a higher energy level than the 3d. And because the electrons in the highest energy level are removed first when ions are formed, the 4's electrons will be removed first.
Ni 2+Cr 3+Zinc Zn only forms Zn 2+ ions as it has full 3d sub shell and the 3d 10 arrangement is a very stable arrangement. Manganese The most stable ions for manganese are the Mn 2+ ad the Mn 7+. This is because it has a structure of [Ar] 3d 5 4's 2. This means it is capable of losing either just the 4's electrons in which case it forms the Mn 2+ ion or all of the 3d and the 4's electron in which case it forms the Mn 7+. The high level of stability is because of the half filled 3d sub level in Mn 2+ or the full 3 p sub level in Mn 7+. Iron Out of the two ions (Fe 2+ and Fe 3+) formed by iron the more stable one is the Fe 3+.
This is because Fe has the electronic structure [Ar] 3d 6 4's 2 and the ion is more stable when it loses three electrons to form the Fe 3+ ion ( [Ar] 3d 5) as opposed to the [Ar] 3d 6 structure present in the Fe 2+ ion. Titanium and Scandium Ions are most stable when they have a full or half filed outer shell. This means both Ti and Sc form stable ions with an electronic configuration of 3's 2 3 p 6. This means Sc and Ti lose 3 and 4 electrons respectively hence forming the Sc 3+ and the Ti 4+ ions. o web 5/HTML%20 Files / transition elements/7.5.
2 Transition Elements Notes A. htm o web web Form 7 Chemistry - D.R. Barns-Graham Seventh Form Chemistry - Alex Eames and Graeme Abbot to Miscellaneous As Level worksheets and Labs.
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