Ten Standard For Our Music Paradigm example essay topic

The truth does not change according to our ability to stomach it. 'a categories. asp? Author = Flannery+O%27 Connor+%281925%2 D 1964%29'If the facts don't fit the theory, change the facts. 'a categories. asp? Author = Albert+Einstein+%281879%2 D 1955%29' everyone since ten beginning fo time has had their own views and standards for the way that everything around them should be. these views are seemingly set in stone and unchangeable. there are many examples in the past of terrible consequences for expressing views other than the norm at the time. more recently this apprehension to change was described by Thomas Kuhn in his book, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Kuhn's book was focused on the scientific world. He said that normal science "means research firmly based upon one or more past scientific achievements, achievements that some particular scientific community a acknowledges for a time as supplying the foundation for its further practice" (Kuhn 10). These achievements needed to be unprecedented and open-ended so as to attract a group away from competing ideas and to leave all sorts of problems for this group to resolve. these achievements are called paradigms. a paradigm is defined by Kuhn as "an accepted canon of scientific practice, including laws, theory, applications, and instrumentation, that provides a model for a particular coherent tradition of scientific research" (Trigger 5).

When results arise that cannot be explained through the current paradigm, a new paradigm may begin to form. the new paradigm originates with new theories that are proposed as a result of the anomalies that were found. "to be accepted as a paradigm, a theory must seem better than its competitors, but it need not, and in fact never does, explain all the facts with which it can be confronted" (Kuhn 17-18). when the new paradigm is finally accepted, a paradigm-shift occurs. the paradigm shift represents Kuhn's "scientific revolution". Once the paradigm-shift is completed normal science returns under the new paradigm until new set of unexplainable facts arise. paradigms help scientific communities to bind their discipline in that they help the scientist to do several things. they help to create avenues fo inquiry, formulate questions, select methods with which to examine questions and define areas fo relevance. Kuhn writes "In the absence fo a paradigm or some candidate for paradigm, all the facts that could possibly pertain to the development of a given science are likely to seem equally relevant" (Kuhn 15). what he was trying to show was that there must be a way to limit the direction of one's research based on what is considered to be known from the past. in this way a paradigm is essential to scientific inquiry. "No natural history can be interpreted in the absence of at least some implicit body of intertwined theoretical and methodological belief that permits selection, evaluation, and criticism" (Kuhn 16-17). Although paradigms are helpful in many ways, they can also be very dangerous. the very nature of a paradigm can slow or even keep valuable information from being accepted. it is hard for people set in their ways to accept an idea that is completely different. science is more concerned with confirming already established theories, or paradigm, than with facing new evidence. this is also true for other aspects of life. for example, the paradigm that prevented the Swiss from accepting a new kind of watch that later became the norm in watch making. their lack of acceptance essentially ended Swiss dominance in the watch-making world. Another example from the past is Ptolemeian astronomy. this was the idea that the earth was the center fo the universe and that all observable heavenly bodies revolved around it. at first followers of heliocentric astronomy could not better prove their view and were not given much credit. later astronomy became too complex in trying to explain astronomical anomalies in their findings. at this point heliocentric astronomy became the accepted paradigm.

(Moloney) An example of a paradigm in archaeology is that of Process ual archaeology or New archaeology. this paradigm tends to view archaeology as a scientific discipline with an approach based on ecological and materialist views of culture. archaeologists emphasize the adaptive aspects of culture by examining its most visible parts-subsistence, technology and social organization. One of the goals of this paradigm is to seek broad, cross-cultural regularities that reflect short term-adaptive behaviors or long-term evolutionary processes. (Cannon) for the most part, paradigm-shifts occur as a result fo new blood in an area. the older someone is the more they have invested in their specific paradigm. Kuhn says that those with "older views are simply read out of the profession and their work is subsequently ignored. if they do not accommodate their work to the new paradigm, they are doomed to isolation or must attach themselves to some other group" (Kuhn 19). It is the younger generation that usually presents theories that are new and outside of the current paradigm. as these new ideas begin to hold more and more weight, the new paradigm becomes the normal science. music is one of the most wiley recognized forms of entertainment in the world. it seems that all people have some type of music that they call their own. what sounds beautiful to one person or group may sound like noise to another. oriental music is one good example. it has such a distinct sound that it is easily recognized. with its rings and high pitched chimes it has the ability to mesmerize and also to annoy. it is really up to the individual listening to it. so how does an individual decide what they like? i think ten likes and dislikes are developed as part of the paradigm of the culture in which you live. as with anything though, time can also change your perception. what sounds like noise to you now can begin to be kind of catchy after extended exposure. ten extended exposure is what allows you to change your views on what music should sound like. also, the lyrics are of great concern. the ideas surrounding have also changed with time.

Probably one of the best places to look at these paradigms in work is the music of ten 20th century U.S... controversy in music has always had a place. songs that we consider harmless and even classics may of at one time been seen as vulgar and repulsive. especially since the invention of rock and roll, music has experienced a shift in paradigms that seems to change every so many years. Censorship is the main tool used to prevent a shift in the music paradigm. parents, mostly, find what they see to be problems within ten music or the musicians to protest. lyrics fo course are the major concern most of the time. in ten 1950's, songs like "Hey Mambo" by Rosemary Clooney and "Tutti Frutti" by Little Richard were banned or changed to meet strict decency guid lines of the time. people found that lines like "Boys, don't you know what she do to me!" where too suggestive. by today's standards, these songs are very mild and very much accepted. why is that? it is partly because as time goes on we get more used to the new lyrics and a little more tolerant. also, those who are setting ten standard for our music paradigm are usually the older generations who grew up on this music. now in turn they have complaints about what children find entertaining today. this cycle of paradigm shift can be seen as different genres of music. rock n' roll was the new and controversial music in the fifties, heavy metal and punk where controversial in the seventies and eighties, and now rap is in the nineties. not to mention the death metal bands like Marlyn Manson and Pantera. it seems that every generation or so ups the ante a bit, leading music into uncharted and uncomfortable areas of expression (at least for the parents). But as new music developed, old complaints tend to die out. Kuhn tries to explain this phenomenon. Kuhn.