Traits And Behaviors O Gender Stereotypes example essay topic

Psyc 3331 Psychology of Gender Notes 02.02. 05 Chapter 1 Key Terms Andro centric bias: discipline of psychology that is largely focused on men and describes men as superior and women as inferior. o Bias in Research Methods: bias occurs in every part of the research process-from question formulation and research design to data analysis and interpretation o Blatant sexism: occurs when women are treated in a transparently harmful and unequal way. o Covert sexism: form of sexism that's intentional, hidden, and often hostile. o Cultural approach: origins of gender stereotyping from a sociocultural perspective where children are socialized to act according to their culture. o Cultural feminism: emphasizes characteristics and qualities of women that are devolved and ignored in society. o Division 35: APA's division of the psychology of women (est. 1973) o Engendering psychology: a psychology which gender considerations are mainstreamed throughout the discipline. o Evolutionary psychology: developed by Wilson; psychological traits are selected through evolution o Feminism: belief that women and men are equal and should be equally valued and have equal rights. o 1st wave feminism: began in 1903 with the founding of women's social and political union gender: different between boys and girls and women and men are averaged in society's social interact; based on a composed set of traits, interests, and behaviors. o Gender schema: structures that allow a person to organize information related to gender by linking gender labels to objects, traits, and behaviors. o Gender stereotypes: cognitive representation of males and females; organized set of beliefs of psychological traits and characteristics as well as activities appropriate to men or women. o Liberal feminism: focuses on equality of women and me no Men's movement: includes military, political, religion, and economic events that have benefited me no Radical feminism: focuses on control of women by men; based on belief that men's oppression of women is primary and serves as a model for all other oppression o Science: knowledge based activity that depends on facts accumulated through systematic and objective questioning, hypothesis testing, methodological study, analysis, and presentation. o Sex: biological difference in the genetic composition and reproductive structures and functions of men and women Sex discrimination: harmful and unequal treatment of individuals due to their sex. o Sexism: differential treatment of individuals based on their sex; subordination of women and assumption of the superiority of men solely on the basis of sex or gender o Social construction ism: view by Foucault that human behavior determined by historical, cultural, and social condition so Socialist feminism: focuses on social relations and how social institutions preserve and promote male dominance. o Sociobiology (Evolutionary Psychology): theory by Wilson that holds that psychological traits are selected through an evolutionary process; adaptive traits are selected because they serve to perpetuate the species. o Stereotypes: generalized and oversimplified beliefs about groups of people. o Stereotyping: cognitive perspective used to describe gender difference; people learn to streamline information processing by grouping people into categories based on members's imilarity o Structured approach: emphasizes common positions that certain groups occupy within social structure; focuses on structural constraints that channel our experience, from family to societal level Subtle sexism: harmful and unequal treatment of women that is less apparent and less visible to others and ourselves Discussion Questions: 1. Difference between sex and gender? Sex: biological difference in chromosomes, genes, hormones, and neurology; gender comprised of traits, interests, and behaviors that society placed on each sex 2.

What processes underlie the development of beliefs regarding gender? Cultural approach Structural approach Stereotyping- gender schemes 3. Problems with research focusing in gender difference: Sex discrimination Sexism: blatant, subtle, and covert In science, most research experiments used male subjects due to the variability hypothesis (males are more variable than females on many dimensions - indicating higher status and greater potential) 4. Ways that sexism interacts with ageism / classism /racism: Young, Hispanic, and poor: Old, black, and middle class: 5. Feminism's impact on psychology research: Socialist feminism Radical feminism Cultural feminism Liberal feminism 6.

Positive Aspects of Evolutionary Psychology: Banging up the importance of ethnicity, race, and class Wave of feminism Redefining the difference between gender and sex Production of different approaches of beliefs regarding gender 7. Negative Aspects of Evolutionary Psychology: Strength in techniques for changing negative behavior is not enough to change an individual alone. Problems that are inclined in society's structural fabric require more than modifications in behaviors and attitudes to solve them Women are still being victimized and treated unequally in some societies... this needs to be changed.