Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol example essay topic

The use of internet has spread like wild fire in the last ten years. It has become a part of everyday life for many Canadian citizens. It is one of the newest and most forward-looking media and surely! ^0 the! +/- medium of the future. The Internet has revolutionized the computer and communications world like nothing before.

Traditional barriers to the exchange and interaction of information were eliminated as this new communication technology developed. As we all know, invention is rarely the isolated product of a lone scientist or engineer. Instead, every significant technology in the modern world is the product of a long history of numerous people and events.! ^0 The Internet was the result of some visionary thinking by people in the early 1960's that saw great potential value in allowing computers to share information on research and development in scientific and military fields.! +/- (By Walt Howe, Manager of the Delphi Navigating the Net and Publishing on the Web Forums) In Aug 1962, J.C.R. Lick lider of MIT wrote a series of memos discussing his "Galactic Network" concept. He proposed a globally interconnected computers network.

The concept was very much like the Internet of today. At DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency), he promoted his networking theory to his successors and they together to develop it. Leonard Kleinrock at MIT developed the theory of using packets rather than circuits, which was a major step along the path towards computer networking. In 1965, Lawrence Roberts of MIT connected two computers via a dedicated phone line. The experiment proved that time-sharing computers could network but it also proved that the circuit switching was not adequate and he approached ARPA to develop the computer network concept further. The result of this experiment also confirmed Klein rock!'s theory.

(A Brief History of the Internet (web) In late 1966 Roberts went to DARPA to develop the computer network concept and his plan for! ^0 ARPANET! +/-. It happened that three independent bodies: National Physical Laboratory (NPL), RAND and MIT worked on this concept without any of the researchers knowing about the other work.

The word "packet" was adopted from the work at NPL and the proposed line speed to be used in the ARPANET design was upgraded from 2.4 kbps to 50 kbps. In August 1968, Roberts and the DARPA funded community refined the overall structure and specifications for the ARPANET, also an RFQ was released by DARPA for the development of the packet switches called Interface Message Processors (IMP's). As the BBN team worked on the IMP's with Bob Kahn playing a major role in the overall ARPANET architectural design, the network topology and economics were designed and optimized by Roberts working with Howard Frank and his team at Network Analysis Corporation, and the network measurement system was prepared by Kleinrock's team at UCLA. The first node on the ARPANET was Kleinrock's Network Measurement Center at UCLA. In September 1969 BBN installed the first IMP at UCLA and the first host computer was connected.

Doug Engelbart's project on "Augmentation of Human Intellect" (which included NLS, an early hypertext system) at Stanford Research Institute (SRI) provided a second node. One month later, when SRI was connected to the ARPANET, the first host-to-host message was sent from Kleinrock's laboratory to SRI. Two more nodes were added at UC Santa Barbara and University of Utah. These last two nodes incorporated application visualization projects. Thus, by the end of 1969, the four nodes formed the initial ARPANET. A large number of computers were added quickly to the ARPANET during the following years, and a functionally complete Host-to-Host protocol and other network software is being processed.

The Network Working Group, headed by Steve Crocker, finished the initial ARPANET Host-to-Host protocol in 1970 which was called the Network Control Protocol (NCP). The implementation of this protocol enabled the network users to develop applications In October 1972, a successful demonstration of the ARPANET at the International Computer Communication Conference (I ) was organized by Kahn. This was the first public demonstration of this new network technology to the public. E-mail was adapted for ARPANET by Ray Tomlinson of BBN in 1972. He picked the @ symbol to link the username and address. The telnet protocol, enabling logging on to a remote computer, was published as a Request for Comments (RFC) in 1972; actually it is a means of sharing developmental work throughout community.

The ftp protocol, enabling file transfers between Internet sites, was published as an RFC in 1973, and from then on RFC's were available to anyone who had use of the ftp protocol. The Internet matured in the 70's as a result of the TCP / IP architecture. In 1974 Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf published "A Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection" which specified the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). This new protocol, TCP, was eventually split into Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP / IP) to make it even more efficient.

In the early 1980's, TCP / IP was established as the protocols on the ARPANET, replacing the NCP. Through the 1980's ARPANET was revised, and new networks were established including NSF NET, but TCP / IP was essential to them all. More and more networks have interconnected to form the Internet. As the Internet and its capabilities has developed, more protocols have been added in a layered approach in addition to TCP / IP, such as the Domain Name System (DNS), the email protocols (POP 3, IMAP, and SMTP) and the World Wide Web protocols (HTTP, HTML, and XML).

Today our society revolves information. We treasure ideas and share knowledge. Internet performs like an information highway; it is faster and cheaper than the old forms of sending news. It is also unifies the world and brings people together. Using the Internet, you can go on Chat Room, access your email, and search for information. Before the Internet and Email, more people would send email through the post office.

Often, the letters addressed to the same city take about three days before arriving at their destination; letters addressed internationally take about two weeks. Now with emails, a letter takes about one minute to send. When a sender issues the letter, the receiver can obtain the mail. The speed is almost instant. The same is true for the internet. Now, instead of waiting a day for the results of Olympics, now you can receive the results in a couple of hours.

S Commercial use of the Internet and its graphic extension, the World Wide Web, is growing at an unbelievable rate. A research shows that over two thirds of businesses in Canada are online and more than half of Canadians have some access to the internet. By offering useful information via an attractive web site, you can boost your company's corporate image in a strong, positive way. Your organization can establish an on-line presence that commands attention and draws new business from around the world. The importance of Internet in education, particularly using its Web is a well-recognized fact. A wealth of resources and techniques now exist which serve as a source both for exciting examples of new teaching practices, as well as easily accessible methods for adoption into various formats of teaching and learning.

Internet technology allow teachers and students keep up with their minds. It let them try their ideas as soon as they come up with them. Internet has created a world that enhances productivity and achieves proficiency. It has eliminated a paper-based network to an electronic one and by so doing, reducing the consumption of valuable resources. However, like every story has two sides, the Internet as a social machine has many advantages and disadvantages. One of the most negative aspects of the impact of the internet on our daily life is, in my opinion, that it alters the social behavior, habits and abilities of people, especially children are often badly influenced by the internet.

If children use Internet too much, they will be very competent experts on using the internet "C but not on how to live in the real world anymore. The Internet has changed much in the two decades since it came into existence. The Internet is a creature of the computer, not the traditional network of the telephone or television industry. It will, indeed it must, continue to change and evolve at the speed of the computer industry. Reference: P. Baran, "On Distributed Communications Networks", I Trans. Comm.

Systems, March 1964. L. Kleinrock, "Information Flow in Large Communication Nets", RLE Quarterly Progress Report, July 1961 V.G. Cerf and R.E. Kahn, "A protocol for packet network interconnection", I Trans. Comm. Tech., vol. COM-22, V 5, pp. 627-641, May 1974 L. Kleinrock, Queueing Systems: Vol II, Computer Applications, John Wiley and Sons (New York), 1976 A Brief History of the Internet (web).