Bond Ratings essay topics

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  • Bond To Common Stock
    596 words
    Chapter 131. Operating leverage is change in sales (small), which triggers a change in operating income. They are caused by fixed cost in the operation firm. A firm with a high operating leverage will see an EBIT increase and sales. The negative aspect is if the unit sales drop EBIT will decrease by a percentage greater than sales. 2. Yes, the total degree of business risk that a company faces is a function of both sales and the degree of operating cost. 3. Financial leverage is the additional v...
  • Decrease Of The Interest Rate
    387 words
    The Bank of Japan (BOJ) carried out the zero interest rate policy. The decrease of the interest rate was expected to work for recovery of the Japanese economy. The interest rate was already very low and the analysts wonder its effectiveness. Due to the collapse of the bubble economy, the Japanese economy became sluggish and suffered from six trillion dollars debt. The increase of the government bonds caused the increase of the loan rte. It also caused the appreciation of yen and damaged the Japa...
  • Interest On Municipal Zero Coupon Bonds
    1,692 words
    Zero coupon bonds, more commonly known as "strips" or "zeros", are fixed income securities that unlike other bonds, pay no interest until maturity. This means that instead of paying semi-annual interest like other bonds, the interest is compounded throughout the life of the bond and is paid in full upon maturity. Zero coupon bonds are ideal long-term investments for people who have a specific situation, which calls for a specific amount of money to be acquired at a future date, mainly ten to twe...
  • Their Bonds As The Interest Rates
    3,749 words
    Bonds Given today's uncertain economy, many people are taking time to examine various options for their financial future. Different types of investments are investigated and bonds are one of the more popular choices considered. Many of the same people who talk about investing in bonds, however, do not fully understand them nor where they place in the economy. Many individuals believe that they should simply buy a bond and wait until it matures before cashing it in. These people fail to realize t...
  • Speculative I Rate
    831 words
    General Theory claimed money stock only important to the extent that it influenced the i. rate, which led to repercussions (stimulate inv. & consumption). Keynesian (not K himself) note: pointed to a point where increase in MS would have no effect on i. rate & hence no effect on econ in toto. Keynesian Motives for Money Holding: Motivation for holding money / cash balances divided in 3 component parts: i.) Transactions. ii.) Precautionary. both income det. .) Speculative i rate det. 1. Transacti...
  • Default On The Underlying Portfolio Of Bonds
    501 words
    CBO CBO's (collateralized bond obligation) are sometimes called CDO (D = debt) and look somewhat like CMO's (M = mortgage). This would be a private equity investment because we would own the equity of the issuer not the CBO issued bonds. We are talking about a vehicle that owns some underlying asset, such as investment grade bonds (some use high yield but I suggest only looking at investment grade), and then issues bonds backed by those assets. The difference between the income from the underlyi...
  • Eurobonds Like Other Bonds
    1,934 words
    Welcome to the new generation of global currency exchange-Eurobonds. "Eurobonds are bonds sold outside the country in who currency it is denominated" (Investorwords. com). For example, a dollar denominated bond that is being sold in Japan would be considered a Eurobond. These futuristic multinational bonds are sold in a variety of packages and are extremely attractive to investors because "unlike any other major capital market, the Eurobond market remains largely unregulated and untaxed" (Shapir...
  • Rate Bonds
    3,713 words
    Q. 1. (a) Distinguish between a negotiable certificate of deposit and the certificates of deposit discussed in the section "Non-marketable securities". Ans. NEGOTIABLE CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSIT (CD) Basically Negotiable Certificate of Deposits are marketable receipts for large deposits held by a bank for a specified time period and interest rate. For example ABC Bank sells a $100,000 CD for 6 months at 8.5%. The holder can resell the CD any time prior to 6 months. Banks use CDs to gather funds from...
  • Lyondell's Bond A Rating Of B 2
    2,506 words
    Lyondell Chemical Company (NYSE: LO), a global company with headquarters located in Houston, Texas, is a leading manufacturer and marketer of a variety of intermediate and performance chemicals including propylene oxide, propylene glycol, propylene glycol ethers, butane diol, toluene diisocyanate, styrene monomer, tertiary butyl alcohol and its derivative, methyl tertiary butyl ether. The company was incorporated in Delaware on November 15, 1985 as Lyondell Petrochemical Corporation, a subsidiar...
  • Interest Rates On Long Term Bonds
    1,374 words
    INTEREST RATE VOLATILITY DOES MATTER The variability of interest rates directly influences how the public saves and invests, thus having a large impact on the standard of living. As fluctuations of the rate occurs, return on assets become less predictable forcing investors to re-evaluate their original investment decisions, or face the possibility of drastic loss. Those investors with low income are more likely to hold investments with relatively low volatility, ensuring a steady level of consum...

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