Diem And South Vietnam example essay topic

What Caused the Vietnam War? The Vietnam War was caused by many factors that contributed to the warfare in Vietnam during the years of 1959 to 1975. Most factors were the beliefs held by people who wanted to change or to prevent Vietnam becoming an Independent Country. Many people suffered due to these beliefs and policies and that the Vietnam War is now considered as one of the most distressing moments in the 20th Century. So why did the US become involved in the Vietnam War? What was Ho Chi Minh thinking when he was fighting for Nationalism?

Who was Diem? And why was the Vietnam War have such a de vesting impact on both the US and Vietnam. The civil war between the French and Viet Minh was a major cause of the war. It is said that the Vietnam War, or the Second Indochina War, was just a continuation of the First Indochina War.

The First Indochina War started because of Vietnam's demand for independence from French colonial rule and France's refusal to allow it. The battle continued from 1946 to 1954 until the French suffered a humiliating victory at the hands of the Viet Minh at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu. The French then assented to the demands of Vietnam and called for a Geneva conference with other world leaders as well as representatives of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. They drafted the Geneva Accords, which were a set of agreements that the Vietnamese and French would adhere to. The Accords stated that the country would be temporarily split at the 17th Parallel with Ho Chi Minh ruling the north and the Emperor Bao Dai decreeing the south until elections could be held in July 1956 to decide on the government for the re-united Vietnam. However the peace brought about by this Accord was short-lived as the agreements was broken by Diem and South Vietnam who refused to call for elections.

Consequently, war was declared between the north and south of Vietnam and the Second Indochina War took place. One of the most important feature when describing the Vietnam War was why the United States became involved in the war, and their reasons for conflict amongst the Vietnamese in the North of the 17th Parallel. It is known that the US was involved for many reasons, particularly their belief in the Domino theory where if one country fell to Communism, the rest of South-East Asia would fall along with it. Yet there are many other reasons why the US became involved. However, to better understand what the other reasons were, it is best to start at the major trepidation in America concerning Vietnam, and that is the Domino Theory. The Domino Theory began when US policy-makers and most Americans considered Communism as the antithesis to what they believed in.

Communists ridiculed Democracy, desecrated Human Rights, withheld Trading from industrialist nations, and used excessive military conflict within its country. America showed disdain towards Communism and they believed it to be a infectious disease that if it conquered one nation, it was expected that other nations would fall with it one-by-one. Therefore its nickname, 'The Domino Theory. ' When, in 1949, the Communist Party became the ruling power in China, US feared that Vietnam would be the next 'Asian Domino' to fall to Communism.

That was the reason why Truman aided the French in their fight against the Viet Minh. Truman also believed that assisting the French would stem the Communism reign in South-East Asia and that the 'Domino Theory' would not actually become fact. US Involvement with France would offer free-world power over Vietnam and would provide exports to Japan after the Pacific War with the help of America re-building. US Involvement also relieved the United Kingdom whose trade links were in the colony of Malaya, where it's tin and rubber would help their recovery after WWII.

Also, with the US aid, France could focus on financial revival and to retract their officer corps from Indochina to supervise the leader of West Germany, which was seen as essential by the United States. These aspirations shaped a second set of causes why the US became involved in Vietnam, and therefore help cause the war. Furthermore, one of the major ideologies of the Vietnam War was what type of government should rule Vietnam and neighbouring countries. Ho, although he believed in Nationalism, became a Communist because their was no other way to ensure Vietnam's future of becoming an Independent country. Communism believed in the unity within the country, the equality of financial status and in the home, and to have a 'utopian's society where everybody accepted each other on the same level and therefore, having only one party to have ruling power over the country with no disagreements. However, to become a Communist Government, there needs to be a party willing to use force against it's own people to gain authority.

Ho, was one such person to lead the Viet Minh against the Viet Cong, which contained an army of the South Vietnamese soldiers and allied forces. Communism believes that a Democracy, such as America's, was full of greed and that it was a society that did not determine equality very well in both economical values and also within the community. However, the Viet Cong, or known as Diem's and US's army, believed the opposite in which Communism was a vile type of government, and that their Democracy was the 'superior' type of government. America especially wanted to create social cohesion by introducing their type of Democracy to South-East Asia before the Domino Theory came into effect. Consequently, different ideologies on what type of government would benefit a nation were another reason on how the Vietnam War started. Nationalism was one of the fundamental factors that caused the Vietnam War.

After WWII many countries, especially Vietnam, desired to become an Independent Country after a long reign of Western Society influences. Ho Chi Minh was one of the supporters of Vietnam being divided from Indochina and becoming an independent country. Due to this belief, Ho used extreme force and guerilla warfare against US troops and the Viet Cong in South Vietnam. Many suffered under the belief of Nationalism and this is seen through the influx of Asian Immigrants to other countries. Nationalism helped cause the Vietnam War immensely because that was the major belief that drove the Vietnamese to turn against their own people and the toughest military power ever seen in the 20th Century. Another factor that played an important role in the Vietnam War was the leader of the Viet Minh, Ho Chi Minh.

Ho Chi Minh is considered as a charismatic leader that led the Viet Minh revolt in the Indochina war, and then later, the Vietnam War. Ho Chi Minh was a Nationalist who believed that Vietnam would be a better society if it became a proper nation without any influences of Western Culture, especially France. Ho Chi Minh sought America's aid to fight the French from Vietnam soil, however US and their past alliances with France, denied Ho's request and aided France. Ho, now at ends where to seek aid, allied himself with Communist Countries such as China and Russia. Although Ho did not want to become a Communist, he strongly believed that Vietnam should be its own country. So, Ho accepted help from Russia and China through weaponry, however, he did not allow their forces to come into Vietnam because it was 'their fight for an Independent Country.

' Ho, with Russia's and China's weaponry, invaded Southern Vietnam and committed guerrilla warfare on US troops and civilians. This led to many of the South Vietnam population seeking asylum and immigrating illegally to other countries, especially Australia. Ngo Dinh Diem, the leader of South Vietnam was another cause of the Vietnam War. In 1956, Diem, an uptight anti-Communist figure in South Vietnam, won a contentious election that made him President of South Vietnam. From his first days in power, Diem faced stiff opposition from his colleagues. Diem implored the United States to support his counter-revolutionary option, claiming that the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, known as North Vietnam, wanted to take South Vietnam by force.

By 1957, with US aid, Diem began his counter-attack. He used America's CIA, or Central Intelligence Agency to recognize those who sought to overthrow him. In 1959, Diem passed a series of laws known as 'Law 10/59' in which it made it Legal for Diem to hold someone in gaol if they were suspected of being a Communist. From the moment Diem took power, he was faced with enormous complications. Students, intellectuals, Buddhists and others joined the Communists in resistance to Diem's rule.

Each time forces attacked them, Diem tried to control his people's protests. Diem maintained that South Vietnam was a 'peace-loving' democracy and that Communists were out to destroy Vietnam. However, the Kennedy Administration was indecisive about how peaceful the Diem regime was. Some Kennedy advisers believed that Diem had not organized enough social and economic reforms to consider him worthy of dictatorship. Also from the years of 1956 to 1960, the Communist Party of Vietnam wanted to reunite the country through political means alone. The Communist Party tried unsuccessfully to cause Diem's collapse by exercising enormous internal political force.

After Diem's success against Communist bases in the South, however, southern Communists convinced the Party to adopt more violent tactics to guarantee Diem's downfall. On January 1959, the Communist Party finally approved the use of violence to cause the downfall of Diem's government. In May 1959, and again in September 1960, the Party confirmed its use of revolutionary violence and the combination of the political and armed struggle movements. This led to guerrilla warfare against South Vietnam civilians and US troops. Therefore, another set of reasons why the Vietnam War happened that marked the history of both Vietnam and America. As you can see, many factors caused the Vietnam War from the US Involvement with the South Vietnamese troops, to many ideologies, to Vietnam's involvement in the Indochina war, and to the charismatic leader of Ho Chi Minh and his Viet Minh.

All, and many others, help cause the war and form what is known to be one of the most daunting and unforgettable wars in the 20th Century.

Bibliography

World Book 2005, World Book Publishers, Author Unknown Microsoft (R) Encarta (R) Encyclopedia 2003.
c) 1993-2002 Microsoft Corporation.