Marijuana Use Rates example essay topic

The Legalization of Marijuana Marijuana is a plant, known as cannabis sativa and cannabis indica, which contains a psychoactive chemical called tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The effects of THC include disruption of psychomotor behavior, short-term memory impairment, intoxication, stimulation of appetite, antinociceptive, and anti emetic activities. Marijuana, the Mexican name given to cannabis is a mixture of dried, shredded leaves, stems, seeds, and flowers of the plant. Cannabis is a term that refers to marijuana and other preparations made from the same plant. Hemp is a form of cannabis, cannabis sativa L, which contains less than one percent THC; it is used to make clothing, paper, and building materials.

Tobacco is smoked just like marijuana is smoked, rolled in paper or in a pipe. The only difference is that tobacco is legal and marijuana is illegal. The government spends billions each year on the war on drugs, yet it is still around. For people under the age of 21 it is much easier to get marijuana then it is to get alcohol. Although many primarily associate marijuana with its harmful side effects, in actuality there are many benefits from its use as well.

Marijuana was a large part of culture throughout the entire world, it has been around for thousands of years and still continues to grow. Hemp was a large help with early American settlers, the hollow stalk was used to make clothing, rope and paper. Hemp was used well before this though, the Chinese used it to make fishing nets and bow strings for their archers. George Washington and Thomas Jefferson, who are considered to be forefathers for America, both grew hemp.

Benjamin Franklin owned a mill that made hemp paper. Early drafts of the Declaration of Independence were written on paper that was made of hemp. During World War II, the US supply of hemp was cut off by the Japanese, and the US Army and the Department of Agriculture promoted the "Hemp for Victory" campaign, which encouraged farmers to grow hemp for the cause of the war. Hemp was also used in making sails and ropes for ships. In 1937, the Marijuana Tax Stamp Act prohibited the use, sale, and cultivation of marijuana and hemp in the United States.

It is said that marijuana is a "gateway" drug, and it will lead to harder drugs such as cocaine or heroin, though this is not a proven theory. "Over time, there has been no consistent relationship between the use patterns of various drugs" (National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Main Findings 1993). Marijuana is considered a gateway drug, because marijuana is the most widely used drug and it is usually the first drug that is encountered by people. Most drug users though, start usually before the legal age with alcohol and nicotine before they use marijuana. In the National Survey of Drug Abuse in 1997, the average age of people who first started to use marijuana was 17.2 years old, average age of people who first started to use alcohol was 16.1 years old, and the average age for people who first started to use cigarettes was 15.4 years old.

I have talked to many people who have smoked marijuana for awhile now, and none of them have had the urge to try harder drugs. "While marijuana use-rates have increased in the Netherlands, cocaine use-rates have not - indicating that separation of the 'hard' and 'soft' drug markets has prevented a 'gateway effect' from developing. In 1992, about 1.5% of 12 to 18 year-olds had ever tried cocaine and only. 3% had used it in the past month" (Key Data: Smoking, Drinking, Drug Use and Gambling Among Pupils Aged 10 Years and Older). Netherlands is where marijuana is legal and can be purchased and smoked in government regulated coffee shops.

Gentile 3 Marijuana is said to be addicting, and that can be true in some respects; however, marijuana is not physically addicting. In reality though, anything can be addicting and I do not think this is a valid argument. Marijuana is said to contain more than 400 chemicals, proving that it is dangerous; although coffee contains more than 1,500 chemicals and rat poison only 30 chemicals. There is no correlation between the number of chemicals a substance contains and its toxicity.

Today's marijuana is more potent and harmful than it was many years ago there is no medical evidence that shows high-potency is more harmful than low-potency. Claiming that high-potency marijuana is more harmful than low-potency marijuana is like claiming wine is more harmful than beer. High-potency is preferred over low-potency marijuana, because less of it is consumed which lowers the amount of smoke entering your lungs and the risk of respiratory problems. "When human subjects were administered daily oral doses of 180-210 mg of THC, the equivalent of 15 - 20 joints per day, abrupt cessation produced adverse symptoms, including disturbed sleep, restlessness, nausea, decreased appetite, and sweating. The authors interpreted these symptoms as evidence of physical dependence. However, they noted the syndrome's relatively mild nature and remained skeptical of its occurrence when marijuana is consumed in usual doses and situations" (Clinical Studies of Cannabis Tolerance and Dependence).

Each year, more then 400,000 Americans die from diseases related to the smoking of cigarettes, more than 150,000 Americans die of alcohol abuse each, and in the thousands of years of marijuana usage not a single death has ever been recorded (National Survey Results on Drug Use, from Monitoring the Future Study). Alright, so marijuana hasn't killed anyone and cigarettes and alcohol, both of which are legal, take their toll on Americans by killing more than 500,000 people combined. Marijuana, like many other substances that are available, can be abused and the most common problem is lethargic, or dull, behavior, but that does not cause serious health problems. Marijuana can cause short-term memory loss, but only while under the influence; marijuana does not impair long-term memory. Smoking and inhaling anything in your lungs is not good for you, but that can be eliminated by non-smoking methods, like adding it to baked foods, using a vaporizer, or by making it into a liquid. In 2002 there were 1538,813 total drug arrests (Drug War Facts), out of those, 697,082 were marijuana arrests only.

83,096 of the arrests were for trafficking and sales arrests; the rest, 613,986 were for possession of marijuana. About 40% of the people arrested for drug offenses were just for simply possessing marijuana. In 2001 the average cost of housing an inmate for one year was $22,650 (State Prison Expidentures). The government is using that much money to house someone who has such a small offense, when this money could be put to good use.

Recently the debates of the medical purposes have been going on, and if marijuana should be used a medicine. "For thousands of years, throughout the world, people have used marijuana to treat a variety of medical conditions" (The Therapeutic Potential of Marijuana). Some states have legalized marijuana for medical purposes. Marijuana can be used to treat nausea, pain, and muscle spasms; it alleviates, which means relieves, symptoms of glaucoma, multiple sclerosis, AIDS, migraines, and other debilitating ailments. Marijuana helps in the treatment of patients who are undergoing chemotherapy, THC helps reduce vomiting and nausea that is caused by chemotherapy.

Marijuana helps AIDS sufferers by improving their appetite and forestalling the loss of lean muscle mass. Marijuana reduces the muscle pain and spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis, and may also help patients with bladder control problems and relieve tremors. Glaucoma, the leading cause of blindness in the United States, is caused by increased pressure inside of the eye, and marijuana reduces this pressure. The DEA's Administrative Law Judge, Francis Young concluded: "In strict medical terms marijuana is far safer than many foods we commonly consume.

For example, eating 10 raw potatoes can result in a toxic response. By comparison, it is physically impossible to eat enough marijuana to induce death. Marijuana in its natural form is one of the safest therapeutically active substances known to man. By any measure of rational analysis marijuana can be safely used within the supervised routine of medical care" (In the Matter of Marijuana Rescheduling Petition).

Marijuana is not nearly as bad for you as cigarettes and alcohol are for you, it is a fact that hundreds of thousands of people die each year from smoking cigarettes which are legal. Marijuana has been used for many years by people all over the world for all different types of things, such as medical and recreational uses. If people have the choice of smoking cigarettes each day, then why don't they have the choice of smoking marijuana? Marijuana is a way to relax and be peaceful, and has been smoked for many years, and will be for many years to come. I think the real facts about marijuana should be stated instead of errors, guesses, and propaganda.

The government made many false claims to try and scare people away from marijuana, but it is not as bad as it is made out to be. I do not see why it should be illegal for simply possessing a plant, when there are many plants in the world, which you can smoke if they are dried and rolled up. The fight for the legalization of marijuana will continue until marijuana is finally legalized.

Bibliography

1. de Zwart, W.M. et al, Key Data: Smoking, Drinking, Drug Use and Gambling Among Pupils Aged 10 Years and Older, Utrecht: Netherlands Institute on Alcohol and Drugs (1994).
2. Drug War Facts 3. Jones, R.T. et al, 'Clinical Studies of Cannabis Tolerance and Dependence,' Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 282: 221-39 (1976).
4. National Survey Results on Drug Use, from the Monitoring the Future Study, 1975-1993, Volume I, Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse (1994).
5. Preliminary Estimates From the 1993 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, Rockville, MD: U.
S. Department of Health and Human Services (1994).
6. Rubin, V., 'Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Therapeutic Uses of Cannabis,' pp 1-18 in S. Cohen and R.C. Stillman (eds), The Therapeutic Potential of Marijuana, New York: Plenum Medical Book Company (1976).
7. State Prison Expidentures 8. US Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Agency, 'In the Matter of Marijuana Rescheduling Petition,' [Docket #86-22], (September 6, 1988), p.