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  • H Atpase In The Flexor Cells
    2,396 words
    Involvement of K+ in Leaf Movements During Sun tracking Introduction Many plants orient their leaves in response to directional light signals. Heliotropic movements, or movements that are affected by the sun, are common among plants belonging to the families Malvaceae, Fabaceae, Nyctaginaceae, andOxalidaceae. The leaves of many plants, including Crotalaria pallida, movement. C. pallida is a woody shrub native to South Africa. Its trifoliate leaves are connected to the petiole by 3-4 mm long (Sch...
  • Drives Electrons Along An Electron Transport Chain
    1,368 words
    Since the cell membrane is somewhat permeable to sodium ions, simple diffusion would result in a net movement of sodium ions into the cell, until the concentrations on the two sides of the membrane became equal. Sodium actually does diffuse into the cell rather freely, but as fast as it does so, the cell actively pumps it out again, against the concentration difference. The mechanism by which the cell pumps the sodium ions out is called active transport. Active transport requires the expenditure...
  • Two Daughter Cells
    482 words
    Mitosis evolved in complex plants and animals for growth and repair. Mitosis, the division of a cell resulting in two identical daughter cells, prolongs an organism's life by replacing old, dead, and damaged cells. In complex animals and plants, mitosis occurs everywhere, except sex cells. Meiosis evolved in complex plants and animals to increase variation in offspring and to maintain the number of chromosomes from generation to generation. Meiosis occurs in the sex cells of organisms, specifica...
  • Functions To Other Parts Of The Cell
    3,712 words
    1. The ability of ice to float because of the expansion of water as it solidifies is an important factor in the fitness of the environment. If ice sank, then eventually all ponds, lakes, and even oceans would freeze solid, making life as we know it impossible on earth. During the summer, only the upper few inches of the ocean would thaw. Instead, when a deep body of water cools, the floating ice insulates the liquid water below, preventing it from freezing and allowing life to exist under the fr...
  • Cell Membrane
    1,120 words
    SECTION 3.1 WHERE LIFE HAPPENS 1. Living things can be either uni-cellular (one cell) or multi cellular. A bacteria is one type of unicellular. 2. About 8000 of the smallest bacteria could fit inside one of your red blood cells. 3. The longest cells are the thin nerve cells found in large animals and they can be more than a meter long. 4. The cell with the greatest volume is an unfertilized ostrich egg 5. A cell's shape is related to its function. For example, a long nerve cell is long and it ca...
  • Cell Cytoplasm By A Membranous Nuclear Envelope
    3,398 words
    The cell is the fundamental structural unit of all living organisms. Some cells are complete organisms, such as the unicellular bacteria and protozoa; others, such as nerve, liver, and muscle cells, are specialized components of multi-cellular organisms. Cells range in size from the smallest bacteria-like, which are 0.1 micrometer in diameter, to the egg yolks of ostriches, which are about 8 cm (about 3 in) in diameter. Although they may differ widely in appearance and function, all cells have a...
  • Active Transport The Cell
    563 words
    1.) Cellular Transport. Osmosis Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a differentially permeable membrane from a region where water molecules are more concentrated to one where they are less concentrated. The transport of water is simple the cell being selectively permeable will allow water through it until an equilibrium is reached and at that time water will flow both in and out of the cell maintaining the equilibrium. For example a red blood cell is placed into a isotonic solutio...
  • Lamin A Into The Nuclear Envelope
    1,045 words
    1. The nuclear envelope is a double membrane extension of the rough endoplasmic reticulum containing many nuclear pore complexes. The lipid bilayer of the inner nuclear membrane is supported by the nuclear lamina, a mesh work of lamin filament located adjacent to the inside face of the nuclear envelope. (Lodish et al 1997) The lamina is proposed to be involved in both organizing chromatin and in DNA replication in interphase cells (Gerace and Burke, 1988). Localization and isolation of nuclear l...
  • Transport Of Substances Across The Cell Membrane
    2,220 words
    2) LEVEL 1 - Cells Are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. May serve a specific function within theorganismExamples- blood cells, nerve cells, bone cells, etc. tissue LEVEL 2 - Tissues Made up of cells that are similar in structure and function and which work together to perform a specificactivityExamples - blood, nervous, bone, etc. Humans have 4 basic tissues: connective, epithelial, muscle, and nerve. LEVEL 3 - Organs Made up of tissues that work together to perform a s...
  • Inner And Outer Membrane
    346 words
    The mitochondria has an egg shape structure. The mitochondria consists of an inner and outer membrane. The outer membrane is what shapes the organelle to its egg like shape. The inner membrane which folds inward makes a set of 'shelves' or crista e that allow the reactions of the mitochondria to take place. The more the mitochondria makes these reactions the more the inner membrane folds. This happens because the mitochondria now has more surface area connecting it to its surroundings. The proce...
  • Form Of Transport Through A Membrane
    320 words
    AP Biology 9/14/01 Plasma Membrane The fluid mosaic of a plasma membrane is made up of a semi permeable double barrier of phospholipids called a bi layer. A phospholipid is a phosphorus element with two fatty acids acting as tails. Due to the hydrophilic property of phosphorous, and the hydrophobic property of the fatty acids, this causes the phospholipids to line up in two rows with the tails in together because there are aqueous solutions on either side. This causes a semi permeable barrier th...
  • Term Antibiotic
    594 words
    46. Antibiotics Antibiotics are chemical compounds used to kill or inhibit the growth of infectious organisms. Originally the term antibiotic referred only to organic compounds, produced by bacteria or molds, that are toxic to other microorganisms. The term is now used loosely to include synthetic and semisynthetic organic compounds. Antibiotic refers generally to antibacterials; however, because the term is loosely defined, it is preferable to specify compounds as being antimalarial's, antivira...
  • Second Stage Of Cellular Respiration
    809 words
    Mitochondria Mitochondria are tiny organelles found in nearly all eukaryotic cells. They are rather large organelles ranging from 0.5 um to 10 um in length and 1 um in diameter. The mitochondria are the energy factories of the cell and are located in the cytoplasm. They are the sites of cellular respiration. The mitochondria are responsible for generating ATP from such organic fuels as simple sugars and fats in the process of cellular respiration. This doubled-membrane organelle has its own DNA ...
  • Mitochondria A Cell Organelle
    1,102 words
    The diagram below shows a picture of an electron microscope. This is a type of microscope that makes use of a beam of electrons rather than visible light. Because the wavelength of electrons is much smaller than the wavelength of visible light, an electron microscope not only gives a high magnification but it also has high resolution. This means that details can be seen clearly. An electron microscope is very similar to a light microscope in the ways in which it works but, instead of using glass...
  • Membrane Bound Structure Of A Cell
    2,916 words
    Nucleus- "the brain" or control center of the cell. The Nucleus, a membrane-bound structure of a cell, plays two crucial roles in controlling the cell. The nucleus carries the cell's genetic information that determines if the organism will develop, for instance, into a tree or a human; and it directs most cell activities including growth, metabolism, and reproduction by controlling protein synthesis. The presence of a nucleus distinguishes the more complex eukaryotic cells of plants and animals ...
  • Single Celled Organisms
    695 words
    MONERA The Monera Kingdom, though not often recognized by all people, has a profound effect on all of our lives. Its cell structure is simple, containing one or a colony of cells. It has no nucleus, no organelles, a cell membrane, and only certain members of the kingdom have a cell wall. They most often obtain food by photosynthesis or feeding off another dead organism. It can move only through water or the organism that is hosting it. It reproduces not sexual or asexually, but through conjugati...
  • Outer Membrane Of The Mitochondria
    1,038 words
    Mitochondria are the cells power sources of the cell. They are distinct organelles with two membranes. Usually they are rod-shaped, however they can be round. The mitochondria are organelles enclosed in a double membrane of phospho glycerides. Between the two membranes of the mitochondrion lies a region known as the intermediate space. The inner membrane is folded inward, producing what is known as cristae. These folds increase surface area, and enclose the mitochondria matrix. There are enzymes...
  • Membrane In An Action Potential
    2,098 words
    WHEN the commonplaces of one discipline are applied to an unrelated field, they can prove curiously fruitful. In 1952 two British physiologists, Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley, managed just such a fruitful crossover, applying textbook physics to living tissue. They were both later knighted, and shared a Nobel prize in 1963. The experimental method they pioneered remains fundamental to research into the behaviour of nerve cells. As anyone who has ever had an electric shock knows, electricity has ...
  • Absorbency Values Of The Betacyanin Solutions
    1,194 words
    Measuring the Absorption of 525 nm Light into Stock and Leaked Betacyanin Solutions Created from Beet Root Discs Which Vary in Concentration Introduction: The Pigment Betacyanin is a pigment located in the large central vacuole of a beet cell. These vacuoles are surrounded by a membrane called the tonoplast and are located in the cytosol of the cell. Surrounding the cell is another membrane called the plasma membrane. Under normal conditions these two membranes remain intact. However when the me...
  • Cell Membranes Of The Beetroot Discs
    800 words
    To investigate the effect of detergent on Cell Membranes Cell membranes are composed mainly of phospholipids. A cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer, which acts as an effective barrier, controlling what substances enter and exit the cell. This property can be explained by the structure of phospholipids. Phospholipids are composed of a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. When in water, all of the hydrophilic heads face outwards into the water and the hydrophobic tails face each other, shi...

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